CN101692615A - Carrier synchronization pulse ultra wide-band radio frequency modulation device - Google Patents

Carrier synchronization pulse ultra wide-band radio frequency modulation device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101692615A
CN101692615A CN200910093289A CN200910093289A CN101692615A CN 101692615 A CN101692615 A CN 101692615A CN 200910093289 A CN200910093289 A CN 200910093289A CN 200910093289 A CN200910093289 A CN 200910093289A CN 101692615 A CN101692615 A CN 101692615A
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carrier
modulation
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ultra
synchronization
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周正
李斌
孙璇
吴琼
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Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications
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Abstract

The invention discloses a scheme for implementing carrier synchronization ultra wide-band (CS-UWB) signals. In the scheme, a UWB system comprises a time-hopping phase modulation module, a pulse formation module, a carrier modulation module and a filter module. By providing a CS-UWB implementation method capable of conducting the time-hopping/cycle synchronized modulation on information sequences and thus generating CS-UWB sending signals, the invention can greatly reduce the complexity of synchronization algorithms at a receiving terminal, improve the receiving performance of the UWB system and can be widely applied to the field of short-distance wireless communication.

Description

Carrier synchronization pulse ultra wide-band radio frequency modulation device
Technical field
The present invention is based on carrier cycle modulation (Carrier Cycle Modulation) technology, proposed carrier synchronization ultra broadband (CS-UWB, Carrier Synchronization Ultra Wide-band) signal RF implementation, belong to the communications field.
Background technology
Super-broadband tech is a kind of novel wireless communication technology that folded formula is used frequency spectrum resource that serves as a contrast, it sends signal bandwidth can be up to number GHz (GHz), thereby its time-domain signal has extremely strong multi-path resolved power, in short-distance wireless personal communication (WPAN, Wireless Personal Local Network), has application potential.At present, IEEE has issued relevant criterion at the many application scenarioss of UWB, comprising a high-speed radio accurate IEEE802.15.3 of territory network mark and low-speed wireless sensor network standard IEEE 802.15.4, and the wireless body territory net that is used for the medical monitoring field (WBAN, Wireless Body Area Network) of present broad research.From analyzing in essence, the UWB technology belongs to a kind of special spread spectrum communication, and it sends the ultra-narrow pulse of tool utmost point low duty ratio (LDC, Low Duty Cycle) by burst mode, and then obtains the ultra-broadband signal of video stretching.Rely on the spreading gain of this kind up to 60dB, UWB has an extremely low section detection and obtains rate (LPD, Low Probability of Detection), and can utilize utmost point low-power to communicate; UWB frequency spectrum mask standard according to U.S. FCC and promulgation in 2002, its absolute bandwidth can reach 7.5Ghz, ultra-broadband signal also has extremely strong multi-path resolved power simultaneously, so that can differentiate multi-path dense component in the indoor environment, and make full use of multipath component by advanced person's Rake reception technique; In addition, enormous bandwidth causes the UWB signal to possess hi-Fix and range capability, also has the extensive use scene in military field, for example high-resolution radar and imaging system through walls.
Along with the continuous development of super-broadband tech, another kind of super-broadband tech based on OFDM (OFDM, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) has appearred.Therefore the super-broadband tech system also is divided into two, i.e. impulse radio (IR-UWB, Impulse Radio) and multi-band orthogonal frequency division multiplexing ultra wide band (MB-OFDM, Multi-band Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing).Impulse radio is meant and adopts the traditional super-broadband tech of ultrashort impulse as information carrier, modulates by amplitude or phase place to the nanosecond narrow pulse signal, realizes high speed transmission data.Typical UWB-IR system mainly comprises phase modulated (TH-PPM, Time Hopping Pulse Phase Modulation) and Direct-Spread modulation (DS-UWB, Direct Spreading) two kinds when jumping.In TH-PPM, utilize the phase place of pseudorandom time-hopping sequence control burst pulse, realize that UWB system multiple access inserts; DS-UWB then by means of the orthogonal code of high spreading rate, carries out direct sequence spread spectrum to the beared information burst pulse and inserts to realize multiple access.The MB-OFDM basic thought is to be many orthogonal subbands with frequency band division, thereby its time-domain signal does not generally possess the burst pulse feature; MB-OFDM is except the characteristics that possess the ultra broadband high speed data transfers, also possesses the advantage that the opposing multipath disturbs, but its mechanism is different from UWB-IR high-resolution mechanism, and mainly (cyclicprefix CP) eliminates multipath effect by means of Cyclic Prefix among the OFDM.
Radio ultra wide band system physical layer key algorithm comprises channel estimating, synchronization acquistion and optimum reception.Because UWB indoor channel multipath number can reach more than 100 and (comprise about 85% energy), the normal channel algorithm for estimating is difficult to obtain desirable channel estimating performance, or its implementation complexity is difficult to bear; (TR, TransmittedReference) mechanism can obtain accurate channel estimating, and can realize ultra-broadband signal coherent reception by the Rake receiver to utilize emission-reference.At present, the synchronization acquistion algorithm mainly by the notion of " pollution template " (Dirty Templates), obtains time delays by being correlated with between two continuous symbols.Under indoor multi-path dense environment, net synchronization capability becomes the principal element that influences system's receptivity; And under water or in the jungle UWB sensing network, because sensing node can't obtain accurate GPS synchronizing information, accurate timing also becomes the key point of restriction network performance.
This patent proposes a kind of synchronous ultra broadband system based on the carrier cycle modulation technique.It is a kind of based on carrier wave precise synchronization and the extremely low novel wireless communication system of transmit power spectral density, this system's basic principle mainly is on the technical foundation of pulse position modulation when jumping, introduce the carrier cycle modulation technique, make the precise synchronization information of carrying in the signal that sends corresponding to modulation intelligence, it sends power spectrum signal and has obvious carrier synchronization signal component, and signal spectra secondary lobe power spectrum is extremely wide and amplitude is very low, have similar signal characteristic to traditional UWB signal, have the potentiality of high-speed communication and hi-Fix equally.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of ultra-broadband signal implementation method of novel carrier synchronization, this scheme is when utilizing utmost point low-power spectrum transmission signals, also can utilize the carrier component that carries in the received signal to carry out precise synchronization, greatly reduce the implementation complexity of receiving terminal synchronization acquistion algorithm, improve UWB system transmissions performance effectively, and be expected to further enlarge its transmission range, make UWB possess more wide application space.In addition, the main lobe signal spectra after the modulation has utmost point low power spectral density, can use frequency spectrum resource to serve as a contrast folded mode, greatly improves the availability of frequency spectrum.Therefore this scheme can greatly reduce receiving terminal synchronized algorithm complexity when guaranteeing the high speed information transmission, improves regularly performance of receiving terminal.
The present invention is by the following technical solutions: at first, transmitting terminal produces periodically impulse sequence ∑ nδ (t-nT b), T wherein bThe element duration of representing information sequence to be sent, corresponding information speed are R b=1/T b, this sequence is not carried any transmission information; Then, utilize pseudo-random sequence generator to produce two multi-system random sequences, i.e. feature code sequence { B respectively nAnd time drift sequence { T n, at { B nAnd { T nActing in conjunction under, periodically the impulse sequence produces one section random delay B nΔ+T n, its Δ is corresponding to user characteristics time-hopping sequence { B nOne section unit random file, the base band sequence when jumping after the modulation can be expressed as ∑ nδ (t-nT b-B nT 1-T n); Afterwards, behind pulse shaper p (t), baseband waveform and unipolar binary information sequence a=to be sent (..., a 0, a 1... a n, a N+1...) multiply each other, and add direct current biasing D, thus obtain random pulses position baseband coding signal ∑ na nP (t-nT b-B nT 1-T n)+D, wherein shaped pulse duration T 0Should satisfy T 0=kT b, and T 0<<T bAt last, (Phase Modulation PM), promptly obtains carrier synchronization ultra broadband modulation signal this baseband signal to be carried out the carrier phase modulation.
Owing to adopt the cycle synchronisation modulation, carrier frequency f cAnd base band pulse satisfies f between the duration c=1/T 0, T is promptly arranged c=T 0Obvious synchronization signal components is contained at the carrier position place in the above-mentioned modulation signal power spectrum, and the continuous spectrum main lobe width is about 2/T 0When p (t) adopted square wave, signal continuous spectrum to be sent was decayed according to sinx/x, in order to quicken attenuation outside a channel and the minimizing interference to adjacent channel, was sent to preceding need of wireless channel and carried out bandpass filtering to it earlier, and this filter bandwidht is chosen as 2f cIf pulse shaping directly adopts the outer waveform of decay fast of band (for example Gaussian waveform, raised cosine waveform etc.), then can avoid the transmitting terminal filtering operation.
Realization excitation according to this patent carrier synchronization pulse ultra wide-band further proposes other two kinds of carrier synchronization ultra broadband modulation schemes: i.e. carrier synchronization ultra broadband modulation when direct sequence spread spectrum carrier synchronization ultra broadband modulation and jumping.
In direct sequence spread spectrum carrier synchronization ultra broadband modulation scheme, bipolar binary Serial No. to be launched be designated as b=(..., b 0, b 1..., b k, b K+1...), its speed is R b=1/T bMake each bit repeat N through repetition coder sInferior, produce and repeat the bipolar binary Serial No.:
a=(...,a 0,a 1,...,a j,a j+1,...)=(...,b 0,b 0,...b 0,b 1,b 1,...b 1,b k,b k,...b k,b k+1,b k+1,...b k+1,...)
Then, the pseudo-noise code generator generation cycle is N pBipolar binary PN sequence c=(..., c 0, c 1..., c j, c J+1...).C and information source bipolar binary sequence a multiply each other, and obtain
Figure G2009100932895D0000031
Afterwards, speed of pulse shaper generation is R p=N s/ T b=1/T s(the unit pulse sequence of pulse/s), this pulse train T of being separated by SThe time domain waveform p of shaped pulse (t) but square wave also can be other any appropriate waveform.P (t) duration is generally much smaller than T sShaping afterpulse waveform and bipolar binary sequence d multiply each other, and add direct current biasing D, can obtain baseband modulation signal and carry out the carrier phase modulation on this basis.Owing to adopt the monocycle carrier modulation, so carrier cycle T cWith the shaped pulse duration T 0Between need satisfy T c=T 0In order to quicken the rate of decay of secondary lobe component in the modulated signal spectrum, and then reduce interference, before being sent to wireless channel, need the modulated signal bandpass filtering for adjacent channel.The corresponding implementation structure of this scheme is shown in 2.
In the carrier synchronization ultra broadband modulation scheme, this scheme is compared with implementation structure shown in Figure 1 when jumping, and it utilizes information sequence control random file.At first transmitting terminal produces periodically impulse sequence ∑ nδ (t-nT b), then utilize pseudo-random sequence generator to produce two multi-system random sequences, i.e. feature code sequence { B respectively nAnd time drift sequence { T n; At { B n, { T nAnd information sequence { a nActing in conjunction under, periodically the impulse sequence will produce one section random delay a n+ B nT 1+ T n, its T 1Be user characteristics time-hopping sequence { B nOne section random file being controlled, the base band sequence when jumping after the modulation can be expressed as ∑ nδ (t-nT b-B nT 1-T n-a n); Afterwards, behind pulse shaper p (t), add direct current biasing D, thereby obtain random pulses position baseband coding signal ∑ nP (t-nT b-B nT 1-T n-a n)+D, the wherein duration T of shaped pulse 0Should satisfy T 0<<T bAt last, (Phase Modulation PM), can obtain carrier synchronization ultra broadband modulation signal this baseband signal to be carried out the carrier phase modulation; Adopt the monocycle modulation, carrier frequency f cAnd base band pulse satisfies f between the duration c=1/T 0The corresponding implementation structure of this scheme as shown in Figure 3.
Advantage of the present invention is:
1) technical solution of the present invention can produce the carrier synchronization ultra-broadband signal, overcomes the influence of indoor multi-path dense environment, reduces the realization difficulty of receiving terminal synchronization acquistion algorithm, and improves the synchronization timing accuracy, improves the overall transfer performance of UWB system.
2) technical solution of the present invention can obtain utmost point low power spectral density, by means of the huge spreading gain that is implied in the modulation signal, can under utmost point low-power spectrum situation, realize the authentic communication transmission, and have the plurality of advantages of traditional ultra broadband, for example low the interference and good confidentiality.
3) technical solution of the present invention realizes can selecting carrier frequency and secondary lobe bandwidth neatly according to the frequency spectrum operating position flexibly, possesses any frequency spectrum ultra-broadband signal thereby can produce neatly.
4) technical solution of the present invention realizes simply, and the energy large-scale application is in various application scenarioss.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a carrier synchronization pulse ultra wide-band system radio-frequency structure block diagram.
Fig. 2 is the carrier synchronization ultra-wide band radio-frequency structured flowchart based on the Direct-Spread modulation.
Fig. 3 is the carrier synchronization ultra-wide band radio-frequency structured flowchart of modulation when jumping.
Fig. 4 is a carrier synchronization radio ultra wide band system time domain waveform.
Fig. 5 is a carrier synchronization ultra broadband power spectrum chart.
Fig. 6 is a carrier synchronization ultra broadband power spectrum chart after the transmission filtering.
Embodiment
The present invention has mainly proposed a kind of carrier synchronization ultra-broadband signal modulation scheme.Compare based on burst pulse ultra broadband modulation scheme with classics, the present invention has further introduced the carrier cycle modulation on the modulation basis when jumping, and carries and modulation intelligence precise synchronization carrier signal thereby ultra broadband is sent in the signal.Receiving terminal utilizes phase-locked loop (Phase Lock Loop, PLL) accurately extract this synchronizing information, separate receipts for ultra broadband is relevant the accurate timing signal is provided, greatly reduce the algorithm complex and the hardware of ultra broadband synchronization acquistion and realize difficulty, effectively improve system's receptivity.
Carrier synchronization ultra broadband modulator approach concrete steps are summarized as follows:
1) transmitting terminal produces periodically impulse sequence ∑ nδ (t-nT b), T wherein bThe element duration of representing information sequence to be sent.
2) utilize pseudo-random sequence generator to produce multi-system random code { B nAnd { T n, its periodic table is shown N pAt { B nAnd { T nAccurate control under, periodic sequence will produce certain random delay ∑ nδ (t-nT b-B nT 1-T n), as shown in Figure 4, random delay τ=B nT 1+ T n, strict relatively and the initial time of information code element, and satisfy τ<T b{ B in general nSpan is big more, the UWB signal spectra of acquisition is unreasonable to be thought.
The base band sequence of impacts of modulation obtains ∑ through after the pulse shaping filter during 3) via jumping nP (t-nT b-B nT 1-T n), the base band pulse waveform chosen of p (t) expression wherein.Common shaped pulse comprises rectangular pulse, Gaussian pulse etc., and rectangular pulse is expressed as:
p ( t ) = 1 0 ≤ t ≤ T 0 0 T 0 ≤ t ≤ T b
Gaussian pulse can be write as:
p ( t ) = 1 σ 2 π exp ( - ( t - t 0 ) 2 σ 2 )
In the formula, t 0Center for baseband waveform is taken as T 0/ 2; And σ decision p (t) continues width, can be taken as T 0/ 6.
4) unipolar binary information sequence to be sent be designated as a=(..., a 0, a 1... a n, a N+1...), a wherein n∈ 1,0}.The amplitude of pulse sequence when utilizing information sequence control base band to jump, get final product baseband coding signal ∑ na nP (t-nT b-B nT 1-T n)+D.
5) on the time-hopping sequence of beared information, add direct current biasing D, and the signal that obtains carried out the carrier phase modulation, can obtain based on periodic modulation carrier synchronization ultra-broadband signal:
s(t)={∑ na n(t-nT b-B nT 1-T n)+D}sin(2πf ct)
In the formula, carrier cycle T cWith pulse duration T 0Between satisfy T 0=kT c, k is a positive integer.Carrier component in the modulation signal and direct current biasing D, shaped pulse duration T 0With the information code element duration T bRelevant.Usually, D get on the occasion of and absolute value big more, then carrier component is strong more; T b/ T oRound numerical value M, M is big more, and then carrier component is strong more.Simultaneously, the D value also can exert an influence to this modulation signal time domain form: when D=-0.5, this modulation signal has the BPSK feature; When D ≠-0.5, this modulation signal belongs to amplitude and phase combining modulation.
6) before the transmission s (t) is carried out bandpass filtering, the centre frequency of filter is f c, bandwidth is 2f cIf p (t) has side lobe attenuation characteristic preferably at frequency domain, then this step can be omitted.
7) under Gaussian channel, receiving terminal at first adopts bandpass filtering filtering outband channel noise component(s), improves detection signal-to-noise ratio.This filter center frequency is f c, bandwidth is 2f c
8) utilize the phase-locked loop rate to extract accurate synchronizing information, handling for follow-up signal provides regularly.The correlation receiver utilization receives template and input signal carries out related operation, and utilizes decision threshold that relevant output is adjudicated, and can recover transmission information.
At all the other two kinds synchronous ultra broadband modulation schemes, transmitting terminal and receiving terminal radio-frequency structure are with slightly different, thereby corresponding time domain waveform figure is also with different.However, it is basic identical that the signal of three kinds of synchronous ultra broadband modulation techniques of this patent proposition sends the spectrum structure.The carrier synchronization ultra broadband modulation scheme that we partly describe at embodiment emphatically illustrates its power spectrum characteristic in conjunction with concrete simulation example.
Information source produces armed binary sequence { a n, its bit duration T b=9.6 * 10 -5S chooses T herein bBe to realize that from the relative bandwidth angle carrier synchronization UWB sends signal, guarantees that its relative bandwidth is greater than 20%; The user jumps time-code B nValue is obeyed [0,11] and is gone up discrete evenly distribution, T nObey [0,7.5 * 10 -6] upward evenly distribute continuously.Baseband waveform p (t) selects square wave for use, pulse duration T 0=6 * 10 -6S, the centre frequency f of carrier wave c=166.67kHZ, direct current biasing D value is 1.
The carrier synchronization Ultra-Wideband Signals Power Spectrum density that emulation obtains is as shown in Figure 5: at first, sync carrier ultra-broadband signal spectrum centre frequency is half of signal main lobe width, so relative bandwidth is about 50%, satisfies ultra broadband relative bandwidth definition requirement; Secondly have extremely strong sync carrier component at main lobe centre frequency place, the simple phase-locked loop of receiving terminal utilization can obtain precise synchronization regularly, and main lobe width is broadened and amplitude is extremely low; Utilize bandwidth to be 2f at last cAfter transmitting filter carries out the secondary lobe filtering to modulated signal, can obtain the carrier synchronization ultra broadband and send signal, the power spectrum signal that transmits in the wireless channel as shown in Figure 6.

Claims (6)

1. carrier synchronization ultra-wide band radio-frequency implementation can realize carrying the UWB modulation signal of sync carrier component.It is characterized in that: a kind of novel synchronous UWB signal modulation system, contain obvious synchronization signal components in its power spectrum, the simple phase-locked loop of receiving terminal utilization can obtain the accurate timing synchronizing information, reduces the synchronization acquistion difficulty and improves receptivity.
2. the implementation method of carrier synchronization ultra-broadband signal according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: utilize the impulse sequence phase time-delay of pseudo random sequence control, send information sequence and then control the impulse signal amplitude, this modulation sequence is through after the pulse shaping filter, the stack direct current biasing, carry out the carrier phase modulation on this basis, as shown in Figure 1.
3. the implementation method of carrier synchronization ultra-broadband signal according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: a kind of novel synchronous ultra broadband modulation technique, direct current biasing superposes on band spectrum modulation waveform basis, and employing carrier wave phase modulation technique, make to have tangible synchronous carrier signal component in the modulation signal power spectrum, as shown in Figure 2.
4. the implementation method of carrier synchronization ultra-broadband signal according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: a kind of novel synchronous ultra broadband modulation technique, utilize the transmission information bit of wanting and the common control impuls of random sequence the position appears, direct current biasing on this basis superposes, and employing carrier wave phase modulation technique, make to have obvious synchronous carrier signal component in the modulation signal power spectrum, as shown in Figure 3.
5. the implementation method of carrier synchronization ultra-broadband signal according to claim 1 is characterized in that: adopt the monocycle modulation, information code element cycle and carrier cycle keep the integral multiple relation; And carrier phase or amplitude change aligns with the information code strictness; Base band pulse duration and information code element also keep the integral multiple relation, as shown in Figure 4.
6. the implementation method of carrier synchronization ultra-broadband signal according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in UWB modulation signal spectrum, have obvious carrier synchronization component, and its secondary lobe power spectrum is extremely wide and amplitude is extremely low, can use frequency spectrum resource to serve as a contrast folded mode, thereby the raising availability of frequency spectrum is shown in Fig. 5,6.
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Application publication date: 20100407