CN1061311A - 码分多址联接方式网络电话系统的分集式接收机 - Google Patents

码分多址联接方式网络电话系统的分集式接收机 Download PDF

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CN1061311A
CN1061311A CN90109064A CN90109064A CN1061311A CN 1061311 A CN1061311 A CN 1061311A CN 90109064 A CN90109064 A CN 90109064A CN 90109064 A CN90109064 A CN 90109064A CN 1061311 A CN1061311 A CN 1061311A
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signal
pilot
network station
multipath propagation
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CN1036429C (zh
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克雷·S·吉豪森
罗伯特·佩多凡尼
查尔斯·E·惠特利
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Qualcomm Inc
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/707Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
    • H04B1/7097Interference-related aspects
    • H04B1/711Interference-related aspects the interference being multi-path interference
    • H04B1/7115Constructive combining of multi-path signals, i.e. RAKE receivers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/02Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception
    • H04L1/06Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception using space diversity
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/707Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
    • H04B1/7097Interference-related aspects
    • H04B1/711Interference-related aspects the interference being multi-path interference
    • H04B1/7115Constructive combining of multi-path signals, i.e. RAKE receivers
    • H04B1/712Weighting of fingers for combining, e.g. amplitude control or phase rotation using an inner loop
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B2201/00Indexing scheme relating to details of transmission systems not covered by a single group of H04B3/00 - H04B13/00
    • H04B2201/69Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to spread spectrum techniques in general
    • H04B2201/707Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to spread spectrum techniques in general relating to direct sequence modulation
    • H04B2201/70701Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to spread spectrum techniques in general relating to direct sequence modulation featuring pilot assisted reception

Abstract

一种用在CDMA网络电话中的扩展频谱接收 子系统,具有搜索接收器(44),用来扫描时域,以便用 PN处理增益和扩展频谱编码的时间识别性质来确 定在时域中的位置,以及经过一个或多个实际传播路 径才接收到的导频信号多路接收所接收到的信号的 强度。搜索接收器(44)提供控制信号表征收到最大 强度的导频信号和相应的时间关系。数据接收器 (40)(42)接收伴有每一收到的导频信号的扩展频谱 通信信号,并响应于搜索控制信号以获得和解调伴随 着最大导频信号强度的扩展频谱通信信号,由此提供 载有信息的相应的编码输出信号。

Description

本发明涉及网络电话系统,尤其是,涉及一种新型的、改良的接收机设计,以增强网络电话环境中的可靠性和通信性能。
码分多址联接方式(CDMA)调制技术是促进大量的系统用户间实现通信流畅的几种技术之一。尽管已经知道有着其它技术,如时分多址联接(TDMA)、频分多址联接(FDMA)和例如幅度压缩扩展单边带(ACSSB)等调幅方法,CDMA仍然比这些技术有着显著的优点。CDMA技术在多路通信系统中的使用已在1986年10月17日提交的顺序号06/921,261号美国专利申请所揭示,题为“采用卫星或地面中继站的扩展频谱多路通信系统”,现已批准的美国专利4,901,307号让与本发明受让人,在这里上述揭示作为参照提到。
在上述专利中,揭示了多路技术用于有着大量移动电话系统用户的场合,每一系统用户有一收发机,采用码分多址联接(CDMA)扩展频谱通信信号经卫星中继站或地面基地(也称网络站或短距离网络站)进行通信。采用CDMA通信方式时,频谱可多次重复使用,因此允许增加系统用户容量。采用CDMA可得到比其它多路技术高得多的频谱效率。在CDMA系统中,可通过控制每一移动用户的发送机功率以减少对其它系统用户的干扰来增加系统容量。
在采用卫星的CDMA通信技术中,移动单元收发机测量从卫星中继站收到的信号的功率电平。由这一功率测量和对于卫星转发机下行发射功率电平及移动单元接收机灵敏度的了解,移动单元收发机能够估计该移动单元与卫星间的信道路程损失。于是,考虑到路程损失测量值、发送的数据率和卫星接收机灵敏度,该移动单元收发机就可确定在该移动单元与卫星间信号传输所要用的合适的发射机功率。
由移动单元发送卫星的信号由卫星转发到一个中枢控制系统地面站。该中枢站测量所收到的来自每一工作着的移动单元收发机所发送的信号的信号功率。然后,确定收到的功率电平与维持所需通信的必需值之间的偏差。所期望的功率电平是欲维持保证质量的通信所必需的最小功率电平,以降低系统干扰。
于是,中枢站对每一移动用户发出功率控制命令信号,以调整或“微调”移动单元的发送功率。移动单元用该命令信号把发送功率电平改变到接近维持所希望的通信的最小电平。当信道情况发生变化时,典型地由于移动单元的运动所致,则移动单元接收机的功率测量和从中枢站得到的功率控制反馈就不断地重新调整发射功率电平,以保持适当的功率电平。由于经由卫星来回往返的延迟,从中枢站得到的功率控制反馈通常是相当慢的,大约需要二分之一秒的传播时间。
卫星或地面基地系统之间的一个重要区别,是移动单元与卫星或网络站之间分开的距离。卫星与地面系统相比的另一重要区别是出现在这些频道中的衰减的类型。因此,这些不同就要求各种不同的改进措施来达到对地面系统的系统功率控制。
在卫星/移动单元信道,即卫星信道中,卫星中继站通常位于地球同步轨道上。这样,移动单元总是离开卫星中继站几乎相同距离,因此经受几乎相同的传输损失。而且,卫星信道的传输损失特征近乎遵循平方反比规律,即传输损失同移动单元与卫星中继站间的距离的平方成反比。所以,在卫星信道中,由于距离变化所引起的路程损失的变化,典型地仅大约为1-2dB。
与卫星信道相反,在地面/移动单元信道,即地面信道中,移动单元与网络站间的距离会发生显著变化。例如,一个移动单元可以位于离网络站五英里处,而另一移动单元可以仅离开几英尺。彼此间的这种距离变化可达一百倍以上。地面信道经受的传播损失特征如卫星信道中的一样。但是,在地面信道中,传播损失特征对应于四次方反比规律,即,路程损失与路径距离的四次方的倒数成正比。所以,在一个半径五英里范围的网络站中,路径损失可达到80db以上。
卫星信道典型地遵从Riaian的衰减特征。相应地,所收到的信号由正射分量和具有瑞利(Rayleigh)衰减统计分布的多次反向分量的总和构成,正射和反射分量之间的功率比,典型地约为6-10db,取决于移动单元天线的特性和移动单元周围的环境。
地面信道与卫星信道相比,地面信道遵从的信号衰减典型地由瑞利衰减分量构成而无正射分量。这样,地面信道有着比卫星信道更严重的衰减环境,而在卫星信道中,Rician衰减是主要的衰减特征。
地面信道信号中的瑞利衰减特性,是由于信号被各种不同特性物理环境反向而引起的。结果,有着不同传输延迟的一个信号从各个方向几乎同时到达移动单元的接收机。包括网络移动电话系统的通常无线电移动通信中,常用的UHF频段,其通过不同路径传播的信号会出现显著的相位差,有可能发生偶尔伴有深度衰减而有破坏性的信号累加。
地面信道衰减受移动单元的实际位置影响很大。移动单元位置的一点变化就会改变所有信号传输路程的实际延迟,这进一步导致每一路径的相位不相同。例如,移动单元的运动可导致在850MHz网络无线电频带处产生急剧下降,这一衰减可达到第一英里/小时的车速即产生每秒一次衰减。这样的衰减对地面信道的信号是非常有害的,导致通信质量低劣。不过,可以用额外的发射功率来克服这一衰减问题。
地面网络移动电话系统一般要求设置全双工信道,以允许同时进行双向电话通话,如在传统的有线电话中那样。这种全双工无线电信道一般是这样提供的,即有一个频带供输出连接,也就是从网络站发射机至移动单元接收机的传输。一个不同的频带用于输入连接,即从移动单元的发射机至网络站接收机的传输。相应地,这种频带分隔允许移动单元的发射机和接收机同时工作,而不致使发射机反馈或干扰接收机。
在传统的网络电话系统中,当使用模拟FM调制技术时,将可用的频带分成典型地带宽为30KHz的各个信道。系统的服务区域按地区分成大小不同的网络。可用的信道分成各个组,每一组通常包括同样数量的信道。这些频率组是这样分配给各网络的,即使同信道干扰的可能性降低到最小。例如,考虑一个具有七个频率组的系统,网络是同样大小的六边形。一个网络中所用的频率组将不再用于其周围的六个最近的或相邻的网络,而且,在一个网络中所用的频率组也不再用于其周围十二个次相邻的网络。
在传统的网络电话系统中,采用交接(handoff)方式以便在移动电话越过两个网络边界时继续通话。从一个网络至下一个的交接是当处理该通话的网络站接收机注意到从该移动电话收到的信号强度降到了预定阈值以下时才开始的。较小的信号强度表明该移动电话一定是接近网络边界。在信号电平低于预定阈值时,网络站要求系统控制器确定邻近的网络站收到该移动电话的信号是否比现时网络站收到的强度更大更好。
系统控制器对现时网络站的请求作出应答,把带有交接请求的信息发送到邻近的网络站。与现时网络相邻的网络站用专门的搜索接收机寻找特定信道上来自该移动单元的信号。一旦有一个邻近的网络站向系统控制器报告有适当的信号电平,那么就尝试进行交接。
在新网络站所用的信道组中选出一个空闲信道即开始交接。对移动电话发出控制信息,命令它从现时信道切换到新信道。同时,系统控制器把通话从第一个网络切换到第二个网络。在传统的系统中,采用了先切断后接通方式,这样就无法用分集接收来克服衰减。
而且,如果移动电话未能听到切换信道的命令,那么交接就会失败。实际操作经验表明,交接常常失败。这使系统的可靠性成为问题。
在传统的网络电话系统中,路程衰减对通信生产不利影响,可破坏通话服务。所以,本发明的一个目的在于,为网络电话系统提供一种便利于接收和处理从一个或多个网络站送来的最强信号的接收机设计,这些信号是来自一个网络站的多路径信号或者是由多个网络站发射的信号。
在CDMA网络电话系统中,所有网络站的通信都采用同一频带。实现处理增益的CDMA波形特性也被用来对占据同一频带的各个信号之间的识别。而且,高速伪噪声(PN)调制也使得各个不同的传播路径能够被分开,只要路径传播延迟差超过PN芯片周期或1/带宽。假定在一个CDMA系统中所用的PN芯片速率为1MHz,则相等于展开带宽与系统数据率之比的全展开频谱处理增益可用于其路程延迟与所需路程差大于1微秒的那些路径。1微秒的路径延迟差相当于1000英尺的路径距离。城市环境一般都提供超过1微秒的路程延迟差,某些区域也有达到10-20微秒的。
在窄带调制系统中,例如传统电话系统所采用的模拟FM调制,多路径造成严重的多路径衰减。但是,采用宽带CDMA调制,各不同路径在解调过程中可予以甄别,这种识别大大地降低了多路径衰减的严重程度。采用CDMA识别技术并不完全消除多路径衰减,因为有时会有一些路径出现延迟差小于该特定系统的最小路程延迟。有着这类路程延迟的信号,不能在解调器中被识别。所以,期望系统实现分集以进一步减小衰减的影响。
控制CDMA系统中的发射机功率,可在某种程度上控制衰减的不利影响。在1989年11月7日提交的第07/433,031号共同待批美国专利申请“控制CDMA网络移动电话系统中传输功率的方法和装置”中揭示了一种用于网络站和移动单元功率控制的装置,该申请已让与本发明的受让人。再者,在交接过程中移动单元与网络站通信时正当移动单元在网络站服务区域之间过渡之际,多路径衰减影响可以在交接模式中被减小。交接方式在1989年11月7日提交的第07/433,030号共同待批的美国专利申请“CDMA网络电话系统中的平稳交换”中已被揭示,该专利已让与本发明的受让人。
多路径的存在能够对宽带PN  CDMA系统提供路径分集。如果有两条或更多条延迟大于1微秒的路径,可用两个或更多个PN接收机来分开接收这些信号。既然这些信号典型地表现出独立的多径衰减,即它们通常不同时衰减,则两个接收机的输出可分集合并。所以,仅在两个接收机同时衰减时才出现性能下降。因而,本发明的一个方面是,提供两个或更多个与一个分集合并器结合的PN接收机。
本发明的另一个方面是,当移动单元在实际环境中移动时,多路径的数量及其信号强度不断变化。所以,本发明使用一种专门的接收机,称为搜索接收机,它不断地搜索频道的时域,以确定在多路径环境中信号的存在、在时域中的位置以及相对信号强度。该搜索接收机为数据接收机,不在不同路径中跟踪可获得的最佳信号提供控制。
在CDMA网络电话系统中,每一网络站有着多个调制器-解调器单元或展开频谱调制解调器。每一调制解调器由一个数字式展开频谱发送调制器、至少一个数字式展开频谱数据接收机和一个搜索接收机组成。网络站的每一调制解调器配给一个移动单元,以促进该指定的移动单元通信流畅。所以,在许多场合下,有许多调制解调器中可供使用,尽管另一些可能在与各自的移动单元的通信在工作着。平稳交接方式被用于CDMA网络电话系统,其中一个新的网络站调制解调器配给移动单元,而原来的网络站继续对该通话服务。当移动单元位于两网络站的过渡区时,通话可以在网络站之间根据指出的信号强度来回切换。既然移动单元总是通过至少一个网络站进行通信,就不会出现移动单元或业务中断的影响。本发明在移动单元中使用了多重接收机,在交接过程或仅与一个网络站联系时也用于分集功能。
在CDMA网络电话系统中,每一网络站发送一个“导频载波”信号。该导频信号被移动单元利用来得到初始的系统同步和实现对该网络站发送的信号的稳定的时间、频率和相位跟踪。
每一网络站还发送一个包含展开频谱调制信息,如网络站标志、系统定时、移动颁信息和各种其它控制信号的“联系(setup)”信道。每一网络站发送的导频信号具有同样的扩展码,但码相位偏移不同。相位偏移使得导频信号可彼此被区分,结果得以区别发出它们的网络站。使用同样的导频信号码使移动单元可一次就搜索所有导频信号码相位而找到系统的定时同步。由每一码相位相关确定的最强导频信号过程随时可以识别出来。被识别的导频信号对应于最近的网络站发送的导频信号。
一旦得到最强的导频信号,即移动单元与该最强导频信号开始同步,移动单元就搜寻该网络站合适的联系频道。联系信道是由网络站用各个不同联系展开频谱码之一发送。在本发明的一个实施例中,采用了二十一个不同的码。但是,应当了解,视系统参数而定,联系信道中使用的码可多可少。随后,移动单元开始在联系信道所用的所有不同码中进行搜索。
当移动单元对该网络站定出合适的联系码时,系统信息被接收并进行处理。移动单元进一步监视联系信道以得到控制信息。这种控制信息会指出某个通话正等待传送到该移动单元。
在码偏移量对应于相邻网络发送的导频信号处,移动单元继续扫描接收到的导频载波信号码。这样做是为了确定,从相邻网络站发出的导频信号是否变得比第一次确定为最强的导频信号更强。如果在这一不通话的状态下相邻网络站的导频信号变得比最初的网络站发送的导频信号更强,则该移动单元就获取这一新的网络站的更强的导频信号和对应的建联信道。
开始通话时,伪噪声码地址就被确定以便在这次通话期间使用。该码地址可以由网络站分配,也可以根据移动单元的标识作出的预先安排来确定。通话开始后,移动单元继续扫描位于邻近网络的网络站发送的导频信号。继续扫描导频信号是为了确定邻近的网络站发送的导频信号中是否有一个变得比移动单元正在与其通信的网络站发送的导频信号更强,当邻近网络中的网络站发送的导频信号变得比现时网络中的网络站发送的导频信号更强时,这时移动单元表明已进入一个新的网络,必须开始交接。对这一导频信号强度的确定作出响应,移动单元产生并发出一个控制信息到现时为通话服务的网络站。表明一个新的网络站发出的导频信号现在比现时网络站发送的导频信号更强的该控制信息被提供给系统控制器。该控制信息的内容还包括表征该新的网络站的信息和PN码。该控制信息在转发到系统控制器时,被译解为移动单元的通信交接给该被确定的新网络站将开始。
现在,系统控制器开始交接处理。应当明白,在交接过程中,进行交接的特定移动单元的PN码也无需改变。系统控制器是通过对该通话指定一个在新的网络站中的调制解调器来开始交接的,对这一调制解调器给与移动单元和现时网络站的调制解调器之间在通信的这一通话相关的PN地址。被指定为该通话服务的新网络站的调解调器搜寻并找到移动单元发送的信号。该网络站也开始对移动单元发送输出信号。移动单元按照该新网络站提供的信号和联系信道信息搜寻这一输出信号。当得到了该新网络站的调制解调器发送的信号时,移动单元就切换到收听这一信号。然后,移动单元发出一个表明交接完成的控制信息。该控制信息由原来或新的网络站的调制解调器,或这两者提供系统控制器。作为对该控制信息的响应系统控制器把该通话切换到新的网络站的调制解调器,同时中断通过原来网络站调制解调器的通话。原来网络站的调制解调器随后加入到空闲调制的解调器群以待重新分配。
但是,当移动单元处在一个网络站信号为多路径信号的单个网络服务区内,则相应的网络站发送的信号就比该移动单元可以接收到的任何其它网络站所发送的信号都强。在这种单网络工作方式中,搜索接收机监视多路径信号并识别出在各个多路径中所收到的最强信号。该搜索接收机把这一信息提供给移动单元控制处理机,后者指令数据接收机按照这些最强路径跟踪这些信号。随后,从数据接收机输出这些信号,提供给分集合并器。
在通话交接期间,移动单元与各个网络站的通信受路径分集的制约。这些通信也被移动单元的多重接收机处理,以便分集合并。而且,经各个网络站发送的信号在系统控制器的分集合并器中合并。本发明进一步允许在不进行交接时,这里称为的网络站分集方式,在这一方式中,移动单元被允许按现行形式与各个网络站进行通信。
在网络站分集方式中,允许通话参照由两网络站在进行处理的通话而逗留在如上所述的中间状态。参照本发明的移动电话,在这里所述的示例中,总共使用三个解调器处理机或接收机,其中一个接收机用于扫描作用,另外两个接收机用作一个二信道分集接收机。在单个网络内工作期间,扫描接收机试图找到由网络站发送经多路径到达移动单元的信号,这些多路信号典型也是由地形、建筑物和其它信号障碍物反射所引起。当发现两个或多个这种反射时,对两个最强的路径分配两个接收机,扫描接收机继续评价这些多路径,以确保这两个接收机在路径状况变化时继续与两个最强路径的信号同步。
在网络站分集方式中,来自每一网络站的最强路径由搜索接收机确定。两个接收机被指定去解调从原来网络站和新网络站能够得到的路径中两个最强路径的信号。数据解调处理的分集合并操作,使用来自这两个接收机的信息。这一分集合并操作的结果显著地提高了对抗不利的衰减,这种衰减可以出现在多路径的网络电话环境中。
本发明采用分集合并来显著地提高移动网络电话系统中通信的质量和可靠性。在本发明中,采用了最大比率合并的形式。对被合并的两个路径所确定信噪比根据权衡两个路径的贡献作出的。由于导频信号解调可确定每一路径的相位,所以合并是同相的。
在从移动单元至两个网络站的路径中,通过使两个网络站解调移动单元发送的信号,也能获得路径分集接收。两网络站把它们解调的数据信号与网络站接收机中的信号质量标志一起送到系统控制器。随后,系统控制器合并该两种移动单元信号并选择具有最佳质量标态的信号。应当了解,可以对系统控制器发送来解码或甚至来解调的信号以便实现更好的分集合并处理。
系统控制器通过把通话连接到新的网络站的调制解调器来作出响应。然后,系统控制器执行两个网络站所收到的信号的分集合并,而移动单元执行从这两个网络站收到的信号的分集合并。只要从两个网络站收到的信号的电平足以允许质量良好解调,网络分集方式就一直继续进行。
移动单元继续搜索从其它网络站发出的信号如果第三个网络站发送的信号变得比原来两个网络站的信号之一要强,则移动单元通过至少一个现时网络站向系统控制器发送控制信息。该控制信息指出该网络站的标志并请求交接。然后,系统控制器中断通过最弱的网络站的信号通信的通话,而同时把通话经由两个最强的网络站。假定移动单元装备有附加的接收机,例如三个接收机,则可以实行三网络站分集方式。
当移动单元确定只要一个网络站提供足够信号作保证质量的解调,网络站分集方式便结束。然后,移动单元发出一个控制信号,指明结束网络分集方式后保持通信的网络站。如果系统已经变得过载,没有足够的调制解调器可以支持这一工作方式的所有移动单元的请求,系统控制器也可结束网络分集方式。如上讨论的网络站分集方式是由移动单元作出决定来实行的。但是,应当了解,网络站分集方式可以由系统控制器作出的决定来实行。同时还应了解,网络站接收机能够使用上述多重接收机技术来实现分集接收,如果从移动单元到达网络站的信号具有大于一个PN芯片延迟差的话。
通过同性地合并多路径信号,本发明在对抗信号衰减方面,对传统的网络电话系统作了实质性的改进。
本发明的特点和优点将由于下面参照附图进行的详细描述而变得更为明显,其中,同类标号始终保持一致。
图1是按照本发明的一种作为例子的CDMA网络电话系统的整体示意图,
图2是一种CDMA网络电话系统中构成CDMA通信的移动单元电话的方框图,
图3是一种CDMA网络电话系统中的网络站设备的方框图,
图4是移动电话交换室设备的方框图。
图1表示一种实施本发明的电话系统示例。图1所示系统利用CDMA调制技术在系统移动单元或移动电话与网络站之间通信。大城市中的网络系统可以有几百个网络站,为成千上万个移动电话服务。与传统的FM调制网络系统相比,采用CDMA技术易于增加这一规模的系统中用户容量。
图1中,系统控制器及开关10,也称为移动电话交换室(MTSO),典型地包括接口和用来对网络站提供系统控制的处理电路。控制器10控制从公共交换电话网(PSTN)至合适的网络站的电话通话路线,以传输至合适的移动单元。控制器10还控制从移动单元经至少一个网络站至PSTN的通话路线。控制器10可由合适的网络站经转传使移动单元之间直接通话,这种移动单元彼此通常是不能直接通信的。
控制器10可以由各种手段连接到网络站,例如专用电话线、光纤连接或通过微波通信连接。图1中表示两个示例网络站12和14,以及各自包括一个网络电话的移动单元16和18。箭头20a-20b和22a-22b分别指明在网络站12与移动单元16和18之间可能的通信连接。同样,箭头24a-24b和箭头26a-26b分别指明在网络站14与移动单元16和18之间可能的通信连接。网络站12和14通常用相等的功率发射。
网络站服务区域或网络按地形划分,以使移动单元通常接近一个网络站。当该移动单元空闲时,即不进行通话时,移动单元一直监视来自每一邻近的网络站的导频信号发射。如图1所示,导频信号分别由网络站12和14经通信线路20a和26a发送至移动单元16。然后,移动单元通过比较从这些特定网络站发来的导频信号的信号强度来决定自己应进入哪信网络内。
移动单元16测量网络站12和14经由路径20a和26a所发送的导频信号的总接收功率。同样,移动单元18测量网络站12和14经由路径22a和24a发送的导频信号的总接收功率。在每一移动单元16和18中,是宽带信号的导频信号功率在接收机内测量。相应地,该功率测时是在接收到的信号与伪噪声(PN)频谱扩展信号作相关连系前进行。
当移动单元16较接近网络站12时,经由路径20a传来的信号将成为主导的接收信号功率。当移动单元16更接近网络站14时,经由路径26a传来的信号将在接收功率中占优势。类似地,当移动单元18较接近移动单元站14时,收到的功率主要是从路径24a传来的信号。当移动单元18较接近网络站12时,从路径22a传来的信号在接收到的功率中成为主导的。
每一移动单元16和18均采用合成测量,加上对网络站发射机功率和移动单元天线增益的了解,来估计至最近的网络站的路程损失。所估计的这一路程损失与对于移动天线增益和网络站G/T(接收天线增益G除从接收机噪声电平T)的了解一起被用来确定,在网络站接收机中得到所希望的载波-噪声比所需的额定发射机功率。移动单元对网络站参数的了解可以固定在存储器内,或在网络站信息传播信号中发送,例如联系信道,以指明特定的网络站的非额定状态。
在图1所示例子中,移动单元16可被认为最接近网络站12。当移动单元16开始发出通话时控制信息被发送到最近的网络站,即网络站12。网络站12一旦收到该通话请求信息,就对系统控制器10发出信号,并传诣该通话号码。然后,系统控制器10经PSTN把该通话接到所要求的接收者。
如果在PSTN内开始一次通话,控制器10就对该区域内的所有网络站发送这一通话信息。网络站依次对所要求接收的移动单元发送播叫信息。移动单元收到播叫信息后,它用发送到最近网络站的控制信息作出响应。该控制信息给系统控制器一个信号,表示这一特定网络站正在与移动单元通信。随后,控制器10就经这一网络站选路至移动单元。
假如移动单元16移出最初的网络站即网络站12的覆盖区域,则尝试经另一网络站路由该通话以继续通话。在交接过程中,有两种不同的方法来开始通话的交接或经另一网络站路由。
第一种方法称为网络站起始信息类似于当前所用的原始第一代模似网络电话系统中所用的交接方式。在网络站始发方式中,初发网络站,即网络站12,注意到移动单元16发来的信号已下降到低于一定的阀值。这样,网络站12对系统控制器10发出交接请求。控制器10把该请求转发到所有邻近的网络站,包括网络站14。控制器发出的请求包括与信道相关的信息,包括移动单元16所用的PN码顺序。网络站14把接收机调谐至移动单元正在使用的信道,并测量信号强度,通常是用数字方法。若网络站14的接收机报告一个比最初的网络站报告的信号强度更强的信号,则对该网络站进行交接。
第二种开始交接的方法称为移动起始交接,移动单元配备有搜索接收机,除了执行其它功能外,还用来扫描邻近网络站的导频信号发射。如果发现网络站14的导频信号比网络站12的导频信号更强,则移动单元16对现时网络站即网络站12发送控制信息。该控制信息除了请求该网络交接的信息之外,还包含表征更大信号强度的网络站的信息。网络站16把该控制信息传送到控制器10。
移动单元起始交接方法比网络站起始交接方法有着多种优点。移动单元更快地得到它自身与各个相邻的网络站之间路径的变化,并且执行起来比网络站(起始方法)更不费事。但是,为执行移动(单元)起始交接,每一移动单元必须备有执行扫描功能的搜索接收机。在这里所叙述的具备CDMA通信能力的移动单元例子中,搜索接收机除了应有的功能以外还有其它附加功能。
当移动单元16处于网络站14覆盖区域内时,即如网络站14发送的信号是最强的,则移动单元16的搜索接收机把最大强度的多路径信号用在多重数据接收机的处理中。
如果移动单元16移出最初的网络站即网络站12的覆盖区域,则尝试经另一网络站选路通话来继续通话。在网络分集方式中,通话是经多个网络站选路的。采用本发明的分集接收机系统能够在移动单元16与网络站12、14和其它网络站之间实现通信。
图2用方框表示移动单元。移动单元包括天线30,它通过天线共用器32连接到模拟接收器34和发射功率放大器36。天线30和天线共用器32是标准设计的,允许同时通过一根天线进行发射和接收。天线30接收发来的信号并经天线共用器32把它们送到模拟接收器34。接收器34从天线共用器32接收RF频率信号,典型地在850MH频带,以进行放大和下行变频到IF频率。用标准设计的频率合成器来完成这一转换过程,这使得接收机可以调揩到整个网络电话频带的接收频带范围内的任何频率。
该IF信号随后通过一个表面声波(SAW)带通滤波器,它在所欲的实施例中带宽约为1.25MH2。选择SAW滤波器的特性拟与网络站发射信号的波形匹配,该波形业已被按预定的速率时控的PN顺序进行直接序列扩展频谱调制,而该速率在最佳实施例中为1.25MH2。此时钟速率被选为通用数据率的整数倍,例如16Kbps,9.6Kbps和4.8Kbps。
接收器34还执行功率控制功能用于调整移动单元发射功率。接收器34产生一个模拟功率控制信号,以提供发射功率控制电路38。
接收器34还具有模数(A/D)转换器(未画出),用来把IF信号转换成数字信号;在最佳实施例中以9.216MH2时钟速率进行转换,正好是PV芯片速率的8倍。数字化信号提供给两个或更多个信号处理器或数据接收器中的每一个,其中之一是搜索接收器,其余是数据接收器。
图2中,接收器34的数字化信号输出提供给数字化数据接收器40和42,以及搜索接收器44。应当了解,便宜的、低性能的移动单元可仅有一个数据接收器,而高性能的单元可以有两个或更多个,以允许分集接收。
数字化的IF信号可以包含许多正在进行的通话信号,以及由现时的和所有邻近的网络站发射的导频载波。接收器40和42的作用,是使IF样本与适当的PN顺序相关连。这一相关处理提供了在本专业中已知称为“处理增益”的特性,它增强了与合适的PN顺序匹配的信号的信号-干扰比,而不增强其它信号。相关输出随后用来自最近网络站的导频载波作为载波相位基准来同步地检出来。这一检测过程的结果是一个编码数据符号顺序。
在本发明中用的PN顺序的一个特点是,对多路径信号进行识别。当信号在经过一条以上路径后到达移动接收器时,会出现信号接收时间差异。此接收时间差异对应于距离除以光速的差异。若这一时间差超过1微秒,那末相关处理会识别其中的路径之一。接收器可以选择是否跟踪和接收较早或较迟的路径。如果有两个接收器,例如接收器40和42,则可并行跟踪两条独立的路径。
搜索接收器44在控制处理器46的控制之下,它不断在接收到的网络站的导频信号额定时间周围的时域中扫描,寻找来自同一网络站的其它多路径导频信号和其它网络站发射的导频信号。接收器44将测量在非额定时间的各个时刻所需波形的每一接收强度,接收器44对控制处理器46提供一个信号强度信号,指出最强的信号和有关的时间关系。
处理器46对数字数据接收器40和42提供控制信号,使它们每一个去处理最强信号中的一个不相同的信号。偶尔另一网络站发射的导频信号会比现时网络站的信号强度更大。则控制处理器46会产生一个控制信息,经现时网络站发射到系统控制器,请求把通话转换到对应于这一最强导频信号的网络站,所以,接收器40和42可以处理经两个不同网络站的通话。
接收器40和42的输出提供给分集合并器和解码器电路48。电路48中的分集合并器电路简单把收到的两个信号流的定时调整成行并把它们迭加在一起。这一迭加处理可以通过用一个对应于这两流的有关信号强度的一个数来乘以这两个信号流来进行。该操作可被看作是最大分集合并。所产生的合并信号流随后用一个也包含在电路48中的发送流误差检测解码器进行解码。
在实施例中,采用了卷积编码。该卷积编码有着限制长度9和码度1/3,即对每一要发送的信息位产生和传输三个编码符号。对这类似的优选的解码器,是具有平稳判定的Vitevbi算法解码器。所产生的解码信息位送到用户数字基带电路50。
基带电路50一般包括一个数字式语音合成器(未画出)。基带电路50还用作与手持送话器或其它外围器件的接口。基带电话50适合于各种不同形式的语音合成器。基带电话50按照由电话48提供的信息对用户提供输出信息信号。
一般经手持送话器送来的用户模拟语音信号,作为基带电路50的输入。基带电路50包括一个模数(A/D)转换器(未画出),它把模拟信号转换成数字形式。该数字信号被送到数字式语音合成并在其中被编码。语音合成器的输出送到一个发送误差校正编码电路(未画出)以进行误差校正。此编码后的数字化声信号从基带电路50输出到发射调制器52。
发射调制器52把编码信号调制到一个PN载波信号上,其PN顺序是按照分配给该通话的地址函数来选定的。PN顺序是由控制处理器46根据网络站发来并由接收器40和42解码的通话联系信息来决定。或者,控制处理器46可以通过与网络站作出的预先安排来决定PN顺序。控制处理器46向发射调制器52提供PN顺序信息,并且边对接收器40和42提供PN顺序信息以用于通话解码。发射调制器52的输出提供给发射功率控制电路38。信号发射功率是由接收器34送来的模拟功率控制信号控制的。控制位由网络站以功率调整命令的形式发送,并由数据接收器40和42处理。控制处理器46用该功率调整命令调整移动单元的发射功率电平。响应该命令,控制处理器46产生一个送到电路38的数字功率控制信号。接收器40和42、控制处理器46和发射功率控制电路38之间相互关系的进一步的详情也在上述共同待批专利申请中作了进一步叙述。
发射功率控制电路38向发射功率放大电路36输出其功率受控制的调制信号。电路36通过把IF信号与一个频率合成器输出信号加以混合而对前者予以放大和转换成RF频率,而频率合成器输出信号把IF信号调谐到适当的输出频率。电路36包括一个放大器,它把功率放大为最终的输出电平。所要传输的信号以电路36输出至天线共用器32。天线共用器32把信号耦合到天线30上,以便发送到网络站。
控制处理器46也能产生控制信息,例如网络站分集方式请求和网络站通信结束命令。这些命令送到发射调制器52以供发射。控制处理器46可以响应数据接收器40和42和搜索接收器44收到的数据以作出与交接和分集合并有关的决定。
图3用方框图表示网络站设备的实施例。在网络站采用了两个接收装置以实现空间分集接收。而每一装置具有一个单独的天线和模拟接收器,在每一接收装置中,对信号进行相同的处理,直至信号被分集合并处理。点划线内的部件用于网络站与一个移动单元之间的通信。模拟接收器的输出也送到用来与其它移动单元通信的另一些部件。
图3中,第一接收装置包括天线60、模拟接收器62、搜索接收器64和数字数据接收器66。该接收装置还可以包括一个附加的数字数据接收器68。第2接收装置包括天线70、模拟接收器72、搜索接收器64和数字数据接收器66。在网络站控制处理器78交接和分集的信号和处理控制中也用到网络站控制处理器78。接收装置都连接到分集合并器和解码电路80。采用数据连接器82以使信号与MTSO(图4)之间来往通信,而网络站发射调制器84和电路80则在控制处理器78控制之下。
天线60上收到的信号送到模拟接收器62。接收器62中的放大器对收到的信号进行放大,并通过与一个频率合成器的输出信号相混合而被转换成IF频率。该IF信号按移动单元模拟接收器中所述的同样的处理方式进行带通滤波和数字化。该数字化的IF信号被送到数字据接收器66、附加数据接收器68和搜索接收器64,并按类似于图2中移动单元的数字数据接收器和搜索接收器所述的方法分别处理。但是,数字数据接收器和搜索接收器对移动单元至网络站连接的处理与对网络站至移动单元连接的处理有几方面的不同。
在输入站时,即移动单元连接到网络站,移动单元并不发送可在网络站的信号处理中用作相干参考的导频信号。这样,移动单元至网络站的连接用64个正交信号传输法作非相干调制和解调。
搜索接收器64再次用来扫描收到的信号周围的时域,以确保相关的数字数据接收器66和68(如果使用的话)跟踪和处理所能获得的最强时域信号。这一跟踪过程与对移动单元所述的相同。搜索处理器64对网络站控制处理器78提供一个信号,处理器78把控制信号送到数字数据接收器66和68,以选择合适的接收信号进行处理。
在64个正交信号传输过程中,移动单元发射的符号有着64个不同的可能性之一。一个6比特的符号编码成26即64个不同的二进制序列之一。所选出的这一组序列称为WALSH函数。最好的Walsh接收函数是快速阿达玛变换(FHT),在搜索接收器64和数字数据接收器66和68中,就如对于移动单元接收器所讨论的那样,对收入信号进行关联,而相关器的输出送到FHT处理器,FHT处理器对每六个符号产生一组64个系数,然后用一个在接收器内产生的加权函数乘上这64个符号。加权函数与测量到的信号的强度关连起来,然后把加权数据作为输出送到分集合并器和解码器电路80。
第二个接收装置的类似于对图3中第一接收器所述的方法处理接收到的信号,从接收器66和76输出的加权的64个符号送到分集分并器和解码器电路80。电路80包括一个加法器,它把来自接收器66的加权的64个符号加到来自接收器76的64个加权符号上。互相比较所产生的64个系数以确定最大系数。比较结果的大小和64个系数中最大的一个的标志被用来确定一组解码器加权和符号,以供电路80中的Viterbi算法解码器内使用。
Viterbi解码器最好是限制长度为9和码率1/2。Viterbi解码器用于确定最可能的信息位序列。对于每一语言合成器数据块,规定为15毫秒数据,得到一个信息质量估计并作为移动单元功率调整命令与数据一齐送至移动单元。产生这一质量估计的进一步的详情在上述共同待批申请中作了更详细的叙述。这一质量估计是在15毫秒间隔上的平均信噪比。
在图3中可以包括附加的数字数据接收器68以提高该装置的性能。这一附加的数字数据接收器能够单独或与其他附加的接收器一起跟踪和接收移动单元发出的信号的其他可能的延迟路径。该接收器的结构和工作情况类似于对数字数据接收器66和76所叙述的那样。接收器68用来获得附加的分集方式。提供附加分集方式的附加数字数据接收器,对于那些处于稠密的城市中的网络站是非常有用的。在这些区域非常可能出现多路径信号。
来自MTSO的信在控制处理器78的控制下通过数据连接82送到适当的发射调制器。发射调制器84扩展频谱按照控制处理器78分配的预定传播函数调制用来传输到所要求的移动单元的数据。发射调制器84的输出送到发射功率控制电路86,这里,在控制处理器78的控制下,可以控制发射功率,电路86的输出送到发射功率放大电路88。
电路88包括一个加法器,用来把发射调制器84的输出与网络站的其他发射调制器的输出相加。电路88进一步包括一个用来把来自导频发生器90的导频信号输出与相加后的发射调制器输出信号予以相加的加法器。电路88还包括一个模拟转换器、频率上行转换电路和一个放大器,分别用来把数字信号转换成模拟信号、把作为发射调置器的输出的IF频率信号转换成RF频率、以及放大成RF信号。电路88的输出送到天线92,由此发射给网络站服务区域内的移动单元。
网络站控制处理器78有着对特定的通话分配数字数据接收器和调制器的责任。控制处理器78也监视通话过程的信号质量,并开始分解信号的损失。网络站经连接器82与MTSO通信,在此由标准电话线、光纤或微波连接。
图4用方框表示用于MTSO中的设备。MTSO通常包括一个系统控制器或控制处理器100、数字开关102、分集合并器104、数字式语音合成器106和数字开关108。尽管没有画出,可以在数字开关102和108之间连接附加的分集合并器和数字式语音合成器。
当进行网络分集方式时,由两个网络站处理通话,这样,信号以标称为相同信息从一个以上的网络站达到MTSO,但是,由于在从移动单元到网络站的入站连接中的衰减和干扰,到达一个网络站的信号可以比到达另一个网络站信号具有更好的质量。
数字开关102用来把对应于给定的移动单元的信息流从一个或多个网络站选路到分集合并器104,或如系统控制处理器100的信号所决定的,选路到相应的分集合并器。当该系统不处于网络分集方式时,分集合并器104或者被旁路,或者向每一个输入端口送入同样的信息。
多个串联方式的分集合并器和语音合成器并行提供,标称上对要处理的每一个通话提供一个。分集合并器104对伴有来自两个式更多网络站信号的信息比特的信号质量指示进行比较。分集信号104根据信息的逐步比较选择对应于最高质量网络站的比特,输出到语音合成器106。
语音合成器106把数字化的语音信号的格式转换成标准的64Kbps  PCN电话格式、模拟的或任何其他标准格式。所产生的信号从语音合成器106发送到数字开关108。在系统控制处理器100的控制下,该通话选路至PSTN。
来自PSTN要送到移动单元去的语音信号,在系统控制处理器100的控制下,通过数字开关108提供给1个适当的数字式语音合成器,例如语音合成器106。语音合成器106对输入的数字化语音信号进行编码,并把所产生的信息比特流直接送到数字开关102。数字开关102在系统控制处理器100的控制下,把编码数据引导到移动单元正在与之通信的网络站。如果移动单元处于与多个网络站通信的交接方式处于网络分集方式,则数字开关102把通话选路至适当的网络站,以便由这一适当的网络站的发射机发射到所要求的移动单元。但是如果移动单元正与仅仅一个网络站通信或不处于网络分集方式,则该信号只送到一个网络站。
系统控制处理器100对数字开关102和106提供控制,以便把通至或来自MTSO的数据进行选路。系统控制处理器100还确定网络站和至MTSO的语音合成器的通话分配。而且系统控制处理器100还与每一网络站控制处理器就MTSO和网络站之间特定通话的分配和通话的PN的分配进行通信。应当进一步明白,如图4所示,数字开关102和106被表示成2个单独的开关,但是,这一功能可以用单个实际的开关单元来完成。
当使用网络分集方式时,移动单元将使用搜索接收器,来寻找和捕捉来自2个网络站中每一个的最强多路径信号。数字数据接收器将由搜索接收器和控制处理器控制,以便对最强的信号解调。当接收器的数量少于并行发送信息的网络站的数量时,就可以进行切换分集。例如,只有1个数字接收器2个正在发射的网络站,则搜索器将监视来自这两网络站的导频并选择最强的信号,由接收器解调。在本实施例中,这一选择可以象每一语音合成器格式进行的那样频繁,或大约每15毫秒进行。
上面对于最佳实施例的叙述是为了使任何熟悉本专业的人能使用或实现本发明。这些实施例的各种变化对于熟悉本专业的人员来说是一目了解的,而且这里所阐明的一般原理可以用于其它实施例而不需要使用创造性的才能。所以本发明并不打算被局限于这里说到的实施例,而是应当按照符合这里所揭示的原理和新特征的最宽范围来加以考虑。

Claims (18)

1、一种扩展频谱接收子系统,包括:
搜索装置,用于接收多个各自经由不同的传播路径,而彼此间具有一合成时间差的导频信号,用于确定每一接收到的导频信号的信号强度和相应的彼此间的时间关系,以及,用于提供一处表明接收到的导频信号的最大信号强度和相应的时间关系的搜索控制信号,以及,
接收装置用于接收扩展频谱调制信息信号,每一所述的信息信号对应于一个不同的所述导频信号,所述的接收装置响应于所述的搜索控制信号以解调与最大信号强度的所述导频信号之一相对应的所述扩展频谱调制信息信号之一并提供一个载有信息的编码输出信号。
2、如权利要求1的接收子系统,其特征在于,所述的接收装置进一步响应于所述的搜索控制信号以解调至少1个附加的所述扩展频谱调制信息信号,每一所述的信息信号对应于另一个有关的次最大信号强度的所述导频信号,并提供各自载有所述信息的相应的附加输出信号。
3、如权利要求2的接收子系统,其特征在于,进一步包括合并装置,用于接收同合并所述输出信号和所述附加输出信号,以及用于提供载有所述信息的相应的合并输出信号。
4、如权利要求2的接收子系统,其特征在于,进一步包括合并装置,用于接收和合并所述输出信号和每一所述附加输出信号,并提供合成合并输出信号。
5、如权利要求4的接收子系统,其特征在于,所述的合并输出信号以误差校正编码格式载有所述信息,并进一步包括用于接收和误差校正解码所述合并输出信号的解码装置。
6、如权利要求1的接收子系统其特征于:所述的多个导频信号由单个网络站发射的导频信号经不同的传播路径被所述的搜索装置接收而形成,每一所述的多个导频信号对应于其传播路径而具有同样的扩展码时间偏移。
7、如权利要求1的接收装置其特征在于:所述的多个导频信号由不同的网络站产生,每一网络站发射单个有同样的扩展码调制导频信号扩展频谱,每一网络站发射的单个导频信号经过不同的传播路径被所述的搜索装置接收,每一网络站在相对于各其他网络站发射的单个导频信号有一个不同的码相位偏移下发射其各自的单个导频信号,所述的多个导频信号之一是由同一个网络站发射的单个导频信号产生,该单个频信号对应于其传播路径具有同样的扩展码时间偏移。
8、在一种网络通信系统中,其中,用户信息信号由一个网络站使用扩展频谱通信信号传递到所要求的接收用户,其特征在于所述的网络站发射一个预定码相位的扩展频谱导频信号,所述网络站发射的扩展频谱通信信号和导频信号容易进行多传播路径传播,一个接收用户扩展频谱接收器包括:
搜索装置,用于接收一个输入信号,该输入信号包括由一个网络站发出的导频信号的多路径传播,每一个多路径传播的导频信号经过一条不同的传播路径并具有一个依赖于对应路径的码相位偏移;用于在不同码相位下进行扫描以便检测到至少一个所述的多路径传播导频信号,用于测量每一检测到的多路径传播导频信号的信号强度;用于确定每一检测到的多路径传播导频信号的码相位;以及用于给出代表最大信号强度的多路径传播导频信号和对应的码相位的搜索器控制信号;以及
接收装置,用于接收所述的搜索控制信号;用于接收所述的输入信号,所述的输入信号进一步包括由所述的网络站发送的扩展频谱通信号的多路径传播,每一个对应于有关的多路径传播导频信号;
用于,在响应所述搜索控制信号下,扩展频谱处的某些与最大信号强度的所述多路径传播导频信号对应的所述多路径传播的扩展频谱通信信号,以便从中得到相应的所要求的接收用户信息信号;以及,
用于提供代表所述得到的所要求的接收用户信息信号相对应的输出信号。
9、如权利要求8的接收器其特征在于,所述的接收装置包括多个数据接收装置,每一个用于接收一个不同的所述搜索控制信号,在所述的输入信号中接收所述的多路径传播的扩展频谱通信信号,扩展频谱在对应多路径传播导频信号提供的同步下响应所述搜索控制信号来处理各个选出的所述多重路径传播扩展频谱通信信号,并提供一个对应的所述输出信号。
10、如权利要求8的接收器,其特征在于进一步包括合并装置,用于接收所述输出信号、同相地合并所述收到的输出信号,并提供相应的合并输出信号。
11、如权利要求8的接收器,其特征在于进一步包括输入接收装置,用于在预定的频带接收RF信号、放大所述RF信号、频率下行转换所述放大的RF信号至一个中间频率范围,以产生相应的IF信号、滤波所述IF信号、数字化所述IF信号,所述数字化的IF信号对应于所述导频信号的多路径传播和所述扩展频谱通信信号的多路径传播,以及把所述IF信号送到所述搜索装置和所述接收装置作为所述输入信号。
12、在一种网络通信系统中,其中,用户信息信号有至少一个网络站采用扩展频谱通信信号传递到所要求的接收用户,每一网络站发出一个相同扩展码的和预定的不同码相位的扩展频谱导频信号,第一个网络站发出的扩展频谱通信信号和导频信号容易进行多传播路径传播,接收用户扩展频谱接收器包括:
搜索装置用于接收包括至少一个导频信号的多路径传播的输入信号,每一导频信号由多个网络站中相关的一个发送,每一多路径传播导频信号经过不同的传播路径并具有相应的依赖于路径的码相位偏移;
用于在不同的码相位下扫描,以检测至少一个所述多路径传播导频信号的出现;
用于测量每一检测到的多路径传播导频信号的信号强度,
用于确定每一检测到的多路径传播导频信号的码相位;以及,
用于提供代表最大信号强度的多路径导频信号和相应的码相位的搜索控制信号;以及,
接收装置,用于接收所述搜索控制信号;
用于接收所述输入信号,所述输入信号进一步包括由所述多个网络站中至少一个发送的扩展频谱通信信号的多路径传播,所述扩展频谱通信信号的每一多路径传播对应于1个有关的多路径传播导频信号;
用于在响应所述搜索控制信号下,扩展频谱处理对应于最大信号强度的所述多路径传播的所述扩展频谱通信信号的某些所述多路径传播,以从中得到相应的所要求的接收用户信息信号;以及,
用于提供代表所述得到的所要求的接收用户信息信号的对应输出信号。
13、如权利要求12的接收器,其特征在于所述接收装置包括多个数据接收装置,其每一个用于接收一个不同的所述搜索控制信号,在所述输入信号中接收扩展频谱通信信号的所述多路径传播,扩展频谱在多路径传播导频信号提供的同步下相应所述搜索控制信号而处理所述扩展频谱通信信号的一个不同的选出的所述多路径传播,并提供一个对应的所述输出信号。
14、如权利要求12的接收器,其特征在于进一步包括合并装置,用于接收所述输出信号、同相地合并所述收到的输出信号以及提供一个对应的合并输出信号。
15、如权利要求12的接收器,其特征在于进一步包括输入接收装置,用于在预定频带接收RF信号、放大所述RF信号、频率下行转换所述放大RF信号至一个中间频率范围,以便产生相应的IF信号、滤波所述IF信号、数字化所述IF信号,其中所述数字化的IF信号对应于所述导频信号的多路径传播和相应的所述扩展频谱通信信号的多路径传播;以及提供所述IF信号至所述搜索装置和所述接收装置作为所述输入信号。
16、在一种网络通信系统中,其中用户信息信号由至少一个网络站采用扩展频谱通信信号传递到所要求的接收用户,其中每一网络站发送具有相同扩展码和预定的不同码相位的一个扩展频谱导频信号,每一个网络站发送的扩展频谱通信信号和导频信号可容易进行多传播路径传播,一种用于获得和处理所要求的接收用户的扩展频谱通信信号的方法,其中包括下列步骤:
接收输入信号,所述输入信号包括
(a)至少一个导频信号的多路径传播,每一导频信号由多个网络站中相关的一个来发射,每一多路径传播导频信号经不同的传播路径传播并具有相应的依赖于路径的码相位偏移;以及,
(b)由多个所述网络站中的至少一个所发射的扩展频谱通信信号的多路径传播,其中所述扩展频谱通信信号的每一多路径传播对应于一个相关的多路径传播导频信号,
以不同的码相位扫描所述输入信号,以检测所述多路径传播导频信号中至少一个的出现;
测量每一检测到的多路径传播导频信号的信号强度;
测量每一检测到的多路径传播导频信号的码相位;
提供一个代表最大信号强度的多路径传播导频信号和相应的码相位的搜索信号;
扩展频谱在响应所述搜索信号下处理与最大信号强度的所述多路径传播导频信号对应的所述扩展频谱通信信号的某些所述多路径传播,以从中得到相应的所要求的接收用户信息信号,以及提供代表所述得到的要求的接收用户信息信号的相应输出信号。
17、如权利要求16的方法,其特征在于进一步包括下列步骤:
合并所述输出信号,以及
提供一个相应的合并输出信号。
18、如权利要求16的方法,其特征在于进一步包括下列步骤:
在预定的频带中接收RF信号,放大所述RF信号,
频率下行变换所述放大的RF信号至一个中间频率范围以产生相应的IF信号,
滤波所述IF信号,
数字化所述IF信号,以及把所述IF信号送到所述搜索装置和所述接收装置作为所述输入信号。
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