US20050172239A1

US20050172239A1 - Modeless interaction with GUI widget applications

Info

Publication number: US20050172239A1
Application number: US10/769,002
Authority: US
Inventors: Sijia Liu; Louis Weitzman
Original assignee: International Business Machines Corp
Current assignee: International Business Machines Corp
Priority date: 2004-01-30
Filing date: 2004-01-30
Publication date: 2005-08-04
Also published as: US20090217206A1; US7861180B2

Abstract

A user displayed interactive GUI widget (icon) provides two or more regions. A first region provides widget manipulation function for editing the widget, editing including moving or sizing functions. A second region provides widget interaction function for user interaction with the widget including interaction lists or interaction graphics. The regions may comprise one or more icon border regions and one or more icon internal regions.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In many graphic interfaces there is a problem that arises in having two modes of interacting with widgets (or icons), on the screen of a user interface. A mode is a computer science term meaning the state of a program (or device). The term “mode” implies choice. One can choose to put the system in a mode by changing a setting. In this document, we use mode and state interchangeably. One mode is an edit mode where a user can modify the properties and visual characteristics of the icon. The second mode is one used for interacting with the icon so the user can manipulate virtual simulations or real devices through the interface. At times, the user wants to edit the icon and change the properties or behaviors of the icon. At other times, the user wants to interact with the icon and with the underlying application. The common solution is to allow the user to change between working modes (change states). By changing modes (switching to the first or second mode) he can either edit the icon or interact with the icon but not do both at the same time. Typically, the mode change is accomplished by initiating a keypad action or a mouse button action.
widgets:
According to Webopedia on the worldwide web at www.webopedia.com, a widget is (1) A generic term for the part of a GUI that allows the user to interface with the application and operating system. Widgets display information and invite the user to act in a number of ways. Typical widgets include buttons, dialog boxes, pop-up windows, pull-down menus, icons, scroll bars, resizable window edges, progress indicators, selection boxes, windows, tear-off menus, menu bars, toggle switches and forms. (2) The term also refers to the program that is written in order to make the graphic widget in the GUI look and perform in a specified way, depending on what action the user takes while interfacing with the GUI. The term widget is used to refer to either the graphic component or its controlling program or to refer to the combination of both.
Within this specification, we will use the term “icon” and “widget” interchangeably.
One of the problems with modal interfaces is the added cognitive expense to the user to remember to switch between the modes to do the necessary tasks. In addition, users forget which mode they are in, causing confusion and added frustration for the user. It is common practice to try to avoid (or reduce) the modes with which the user has to operate.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to minimizing the use of modes in an interface that allows for the editing and running of an application, this invention teaches a technique to allow the user to do either action without the need to switch between modes. This invention is illustrated in a system that uses views of icons to present the status of an underlying simulation or set of real data. Each icon represents an important parameter in the application.
In an example application, a GUI progress bar widget displays an icon indicating the volume of an audio presentation (a digital song being played on the user's computer). In a primary mode, the user can interact with the widget by dragging the progress bar (with his mouse controlled cursor) to either lengthen it or shorten it. Lengthening the bar causes the volume to be increased and shortening it decreases the volume. The user may also wish to manipulate the attributes of the GUI volume widget. Still in the primary mode, he moves the mouse controlled cursor over a border area of the widget and drags the border to enlarge the GUI widget. While still in the primary mode, he moves the mouse controlled cursor over another border area of the widget and can drag and drop the widget to another location of his display screen.
Another type of widget is a GUI list widget. The list widget provides a list of text items for interacting with the widget. An example would be for a list that comprised “Volume”, “Base”, and “Fade” audio functions. In a primary mode, the user moves his mouse controlled cursor over a text item such as “Volume” and clicks on it to select it. Still in the primary mode, the user then can type a number indicative of the value to apply to the item such as “01” for quiet and “10” for loud. The border area would work as described for the graphical widget in the primary mode. Alternatively, in the primary mode, selecting the “Volume” item may modify what the progress bar in the previous example will modify when it is manipulated.
In order to provide GUI widget manipulation (editing), the border around each icon is utilized, much like the title bar of a window in an operating system (Windows, OSX, etc.). In Windows OS, you can move a window by dragging the title bar of the window. With this invention, this idea is extended to allow the “edit” mode to be active in a thin area around the perimeter of each of the icons. The edit activities would include, but not be limited to, the selecting, moving, and resizing of the icon. In addition, a menu of operations for that icon (such as delete or copy) would be available via a right click of the mouse. The interior of the icon would be utilized to interact with the icon to communicate directly to the underlying application.
This invention utilizes the edge border to graphically enable 2 modes. This edge border can also enable other modes or other actions by including various buttons for these separate states or actions. For example, in windows, the upper right corner of the title bar includes 3 buttons by default—minimize, maximize, and close. Likewise, in the edge border we can include buttons for application dependent actions, such as delete or copy as well as icon locking (to disable the edit mode) or other buttons to switch modes like switching tabs in a tabbed widget. These additional modes can also be dynamically accessed by allowing the user to use modifier keys, instead of physical regions, to switch between modes. The region is not limited to the complete border around the icon but maybe dynamically configured so that only the edge of the icon that the mouse enters is temporarily activated as an editing region. In this way, the standard title bar functionality of a window would be available from any edge the user's cursor enters the window or widget. An alternative is to use the right mouse button to allow the user to execute an edit operation. In this variation, the user would click right and get a menu of relevant actions for the icon (move, resize, etc). In another embodiment, additional modes of input can be simultaneously used to access the different modes of interaction. For example, voice input could be used to indicate to the system when interaction versus editing operations should apply or control keys on the keyboard (control, alt, shift etc) or mouse button combinations could be used to access the different modes.
System and computer program products corresponding to the above-summarized methods are also described and claimed herein.
Additional features and advantages are realized through the techniques of the present invention. Other embodiments and aspects of the invention are described in detail herein and are considered a part of the claimed invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The subject matter which is regarded as the invention is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the claims at the conclusion of the specification. The foregoing and other objects, features, and advantages of the invention are apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 depicts a computer system for implementing the present invention;
FIG. 2 depicts an example widget according to the invention;
FIG. 3 depicts interaction with widgets;
FIG. 4 depicts components of a graphical widget;
FIG. 5 depicts a widget with the border area highlighted, which happens when the cursor enters this region;
FIG. 6 depicts a widget where the widget has been selected and the border region reflects this state;
FIG. 7 depicts a widget having been dragged to a different position, and editing operation;
FIG. 8 depicts the result of interacting with a graphical widget, an interacting operation;
FIG. 9 depicts a widget interaction list with typical operations to perform on this widget;
FIG. 10 is a flow depicting widget presentation with respect to the location of the cursor;
FIG. 11 is a flow depicting how the system determines the state of the cursor; and
FIG. 12 is a flow depicting example ICON regions.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERED EMBODIMENTS

FIG. 1 illustrates a representative workstation or server hardware system in which the present invention may be practiced. The system 100 of FIG. 1 comprises a representative computer system 101, such as a personal computer, a workstation or a server, including optional peripheral devices. The workstation 101 includes one or more processors 106 and a bus employed to connect and enable communication between the processor(s) 106 and the other components of the system 101 in accordance with known techniques. The bus connects the processor 106 to memory 105 and long-term storage 107 which can include a hard drive, diskette drive or tape drive for example. The system 101 might also include a user interface adapter, which connects the microprocessor 106 via the bus to one or more interface devices, such as a keyboard 104, mouse 103, a Printer/scanner 110 and/or other interface devices, which can be any user interface device, such as a touch sensitive screen, digitized entry pad, etc. The bus also connects a display device 102, such as an LCD screen or monitor, to the microprocessor 106 via a display adapter.
The system 101 may communicate with other computers or networks of computers by way of a network adapter capable of communicating with a network 109. Example network adapters are communications channels, token ring, Ethernet or modems. Alternatively, the workstation 101 may communicate using a wireless interface, such as a CDPD (cellular digital packet data) card. The workstation 101 may be associated with such other computers in a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or the workstation 101 can be a client in a client/server arrangement with another computer, etc. All of these configurations, as well as the appropriate communications hardware and software, are known in the art.
Software programming code which embodies the present invention is typically accessed by the processor 106 of the system 101 from long-term storage media 107, such as a CD-ROM drive or hard drive. The software programming code may be embodied on any of a variety of known media for use with a data processing system, such as a diskette, hard drive, or CD-ROM. The code may be distributed on such media, or may be distributed to users from the memory or storage of one computer system over a network to other computer systems for use by users of such other systems.
Alternatively, the programming code 111 may be embodied in the memory 105, and accessed by the processor 106 using the processor bus. Such programming code includes an operating system which controls the function and interaction of the various computer components and one or more application programs. Program code is normally paged from dense storage media 107 to high speed memory 105 where it is available for processing by the processor 106. The techniques and methods for embodying software programming code in memory, on physical media, and/or distributing software code via networks are well known and will not be further discussed herein.
In the preferred embodiment, the present invention is implemented as one or more computer software programs 111. The implementation of the software of the present invention may operate on a user's workstation, as one or more modules or applications 111 (also referred to as code subroutines, or “objects” in object-oriented programming) which are invoked upon request. Alternatively, the software may operate on a server in a network, or in any device capable of executing the program code implementing the present invention. The logic implementing this invention may be integrated within the code of an application program, or it may be implemented as one or more separate utility modules which are invoked by that application, without deviating from the inventive concepts disclosed herein. The application 111 may be executing in a Web environment, where a Web server provides services in response to requests from a client connected through the Internet. In another embodiment, the application may be executing in a corporate intranet or extranet, or in any other network environment. Configurations for the environment include a client/server network, Peer-to-Peer networks (wherein clients interact directly by performing both client and server function) as well as a multi-tier environment. These environments and configurations are well known in the art.
FIG. 2 illustrates basic components of an icon to support this invention. The icons illustrated herein are simplified in order to teach the invention. It should be recognized that there are many possible implementations of icons and the present invention is applicable to any of them.
An icon 201 is divided into two areas, the border region 202 and the central region 203. FIG. 2 depicts an icon illustrating the 2 regions for the user interaction. Defining the two regions as borders and central is only illustrative of ways to create regions. There are many other ways that regions might be defined in order to practice the invention. For instance, a region may be a portion of a border, a tab shape attached to the ICON, an area within the ICON, an area outside the ICON or an area made visible by cursor position just to name a few. In the present example, at the edge of the ICON, an area indicated by standard resize controls 204 (dark boxes) is used by the user to resize (stretch the shape of) the icon in one embodiment. This is accomplished in one embodiment by placing the curser over the stretch pad 204 region of the border region 202 and clicking and dragging the portion of the icon in the desired direction. Moving an icon is accomplished in one embodiment by placing a curser in the border area 202 in a region between the resize controls 204 and clicking and dragging the icon to the desired position. The central region 203 is used for interacting with the application program associated with this icon 201.
FIG. 3 shows an embodiment with 2 different types of icons, a list icon 301 and a progress bar icon 304. When interacting with the list 302, a row is selected 303 such as “ITEM TWO” in FIG. 3. This selection of “ITEM TWO” is not only displayed 301 but is input to the application program function represented by the icon 301.
When interacting with the progress bar icon 304, the size of the bar is extended (or retracted). In the example the progress bar 306 is dragged to the right 307 to modify the value of the underlying application value. This change to the progress bar is not only graphically displayed 304 but is input to the application program function represented by the icon 304. During this interaction the border region exists and is continuously available to edit the properties of the icon. Additional ways to interact with the icon is through clicking, double or multiple clicking, click & dragging, keyboard input (with cursor over widget). These allow for alternative interaction techniques to modify the connected application without modifying the icons presentation properties.
FIG. 4 depicts an icon 402 in an application window 401 after creation and initially interacting with it
FIG. 5 depicts the icon 402 after the cursor has entered the border region 403 of the icon 402. The resize indicators 503 are visible but not prominent. The user can click on any resize indicator 503 to resize (stretch) the icon. Between the indicators 503 in the border area 403, the cursor changes to a move cursor and the user can reposition the icon 402 by clicking and dragging the icon 402. Also, a right click at any time will produce a menu of options (see FIG. 9).
FIG. 6 shows an embodiment which, after selecting the icon 402 by clicking on it, the resize indicators 403 and border region 403 are more prominent. With the icon 402 selected, the user can use the keyboard to move (arrow keys) or delete (delete key) the selected icon 402.
FIG. 7 shows an embodiment where a user has moved the icon 402 in the edit window 401 by clicking and dragging in the border region 403 between the resize controls 503.
FIG. 8 shows an embodiment where a user has clicked and dragged in the interior 803 of the icon 402, producing changes in the underlying application. Here the bar icon's value is increased by dragging to the right. In this application, the color as well as position of the bar changes with this operation.
FIG. 9 illustrates a right click menu 901 instantiated by right clicking with a curser placed on an icon. The menu 901 of one embodiment includes options to interact with the icon. The user can lock the icon in place by selecting the Lock item 905. When locked, the icon does not allow editing of the icon and does not show the resize indicators as the cursor moves in and out of the icon. The user can also delete 904 the icon or edit 902 the properties of the icon from this menu 901. In the example, the edit 902 function is selected and therefore highlighted.
FIG. 10 illustrates the flow of the drawing of a typical icon with the additional requirement of drawing the border region. The icon itself is first drawn 1001 completely. Then, if the icon is selected 1002 or the mouse is over the border region 1007, the resize controls 1006 and border region 1005 are drawn. In addition, the cursor is updated when the mouse enters the icon.
FIG. 11 illustrates an example cursor updating process utilized when a mouse controlled curser enters an icon. If 1101 the icon is not locked and 1102 the mouse is over the border, and 1103 the mouse is over the resize control, the cursor is able to resize the icon 1108. If 1104 the mouse is over the border move region the cursor is able to move 1109 the icon. If the cursor 1105 is over the icon but not in the border region, it is enabled to interact with the icon (to provide input to the application program via the icon GUI).
FIG. 12 depicts examples of implementations of regions according to the invention. An ICON (Widget) 1201 of any shape has an internal region 1210 bounded by an edge 1211. The ICON also has a border region bounded by the edge 1211 and an interior edge 1212. Within the border region there may be a region 1206 comprising a portion of the border region. Further, there can be an appendage region 1202 with an edge 1213 where, an internal region 1203, a region outside the ICON 1204 and a region 1205 that includes a portion of the icon and a portion outside the icon. Any of the ICON regions may be active in the normal mode and displayed in the normal mode. In another implementation, any region may be hidden in normal mode except when a cursor is moved within the region or a related region.
In one embodiment, the invention is a standalone program for manipulating GUI icons. It can also be implemented as a web page using HTML utilizing objects (applets), as described by the W3C Standards organization in its tech report (www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/struct/objects.html).
The present invention can be included in an article of manufacture (e.g., one or more computer program products) having, for instance, computer usable media. The media has embodied therein, for instance, computer readable program code means for providing and facilitating the capabilities of the present invention. The article of manufacture can be included as a part of a computer system or sold separately.
Additionally, at least one program storage device readable by a machine, tangibly embodying at least one program of instructions executable by the machine to perform the capabilities of the present invention can be provided.
The flow diagrams depicted herein are just examples. There may be many variations to these diagrams or the steps (or operations) described therein without departing from the spirit of the invention. For instance, the steps may be performed in a differing order, or steps may be added, deleted or modified. All of these variations are considered a part of the claimed invention.
Although preferred embodiments have been depicted and described in detail herein, it will be apparent to those skilled in the relevant art that various modifications, additions, substitutions and the like can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention and these are therefore considered to be within the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.

Claims

1. A method for creating an interactive GUI widget (icon), the method comprising the steps of:

creating one or more first regions for the GUI widget, the first regions for manipulating a displayed widget GUI representation;

associating the first regions to manipulating programs for manipulating the displayed widget GUI representation;

creating one or more second regions for the GUI widget, the second regions for user interaction with an application program by way of the displayed widget GUI representation wherein the displayed widget GUI representation is associated with the application program;

associating the second regions to interaction programs for interaction with application programs; and

presenting at a user display in a single state, the GUI widget having one or more first regions and one or more second regions wherein while in the single state one or more of the first regions accepts manipulating user input and wherein while in the single state one or more of the second regions accepts interaction user input.

2. The method according to claim 1 wherein any one of the first region or the second region comprises any one of an area inside the displayed widget, an area outside the displayed widget, an area sharing a common edge portion with the displayed widget border portion comprising an outer edge of the GUI widget, a border portion comprising an outer edge of the GUI widget wherein the border portion is instantiated when a cursor is positioned over the border portion, a portion within a border portion wherein the border portion is, a portion within the border portion instantiated when a cursor is positioned over the portion within the boarder portion, a portion instantiated when a cursor is positioned over the portion in combination with a key entry of a keyboard.

3. The method according to claim 1 comprising the further step of creating a widget locking function for inhibiting GUI input to any one of the first region or the second region.

4. The method according to claim 1 wherein any one of any one of the first regions or any one of the second regions is presented in the single state when a cursor is positioned over any one of any one of the first regions or any one of the second regions.

5. The method according to claim 4 wherein the widget function comprises any one of additional commands, widget parameter interaction or widget locking/unlocking functions.

6. The method according to claim 1 wherein the first region for manipulating the widget GUI representation and display properties provides manipulating function comprising any one of:

selecting the icon, moving the icon, resizing the icon, instantiating a menu of operations for the icon, deleting, copying, icon locking, icon unlocking, switching states or editing widget properties.

7. The method according to claim 1 wherein the second region for user interaction with the widget provides interaction function comprising any one of: clicking, double clicking, multiple clicking, click & dragging, keyboard input (with cursor over widget).

8. The method according to claim 1 wherein the single state is entered or exited by a user action comprising any one of keyboard key entry, mouse button entry or voice actuated entry.

9. A computer program product for creating an interactive GUI widget (icon), the computer program product comprising:

a storage medium readable by a processing circuit and storing instructions for execution by the processing circuit for performing a method comprising:

10. The computer program product according to claim 1 wherein any one of the first region or the second region comprises any one of an area inside the displayed widget, an area outside the displayed widget, an area sharing a common edge portion with the displayed widget border portion comprising an outer edge of the GUI widget, a border portion comprising an outer edge of the GUI widget wherein the border portion is instantiated when a cursor is positioned over the border portion, a portion within a border portion wherein the border portion is, a portion within the border portion instantiated when a cursor is positioned over the portion within the boarder portion, a portion instantiated when a cursor is positioned over the portion in combination with a key entry of a keyboard.

11. The computer program product according to claim 1 comprising the further step of creating a widget locking function for inhibiting GUI input to any one of the first region or the second region.

12. The computer program product according to claim 1 wherein any one of any one of the first regions or any one of the second regions is presented in the single state when a cursor is positioned over any one of any one of the first regions or any one of the second regions.

13. The computer program product according to claim 4 wherein the widget function comprises any one of additional commands, widget parameter interaction or widget locking/unlocking functions.

14. The computer program product according to claim 1 wherein the first region for manipulating the widget GUI representation and display properties provides manipulating function comprising any one of:

15. The computer program product according to claim 1 wherein the second region for user interaction with the widget provides interaction function comprising any one of:

clicking, double clicking, multiple clicking, click & dragging, keyboard input (with cursor over widget).

16. The computer program product according to claim 1 wherein the single state is entered or exited by a user action comprising any one of keyboard key entry, mouse button entry or voice actuated entry.

17. A system for creating an interactive GUI widget (icon), the system comprising:

a network;

a user computer system in communication with the network;

a host computer system in communication with the network, wherein a computer system includes instructions to execute a method comprising:

18. The system according to claim 1 wherein any one of the first region or the second region comprises any one of an area inside the displayed widget, an area outside the displayed widget, an area sharing a common edge portion with the displayed widget border portion comprising an outer edge of the GUI widget, a border portion comprising an outer edge of the GUI widget wherein the border portion is instantiated when a cursor is positioned over the border portion, a portion within a border portion wherein the border portion is, a portion within the border portion instantiated when a cursor is positioned over the portion within the boarder portion, a portion instantiated when a cursor is positioned over the portion in combination with a key entry of a keyboard.

19. The system according to claim 1 comprising the further step of creating a widget locking function for inhibiting GUI input to any one of the first region or the second region.

20. The system according to claim 1 wherein any one of any one of the first regions or any one of the second regions is presented in the single state when a cursor is positioned over any one of any one of the first regions or any one of the second regions.

21. The system according to claim 4 wherein the widget function comprises any one of additional commands, widget parameter interaction or widget locking/unlocking functions.

22. The system according to claim 1 wherein the first region for manipulating the widget GUI representation and display properties provides manipulating function comprising any one of:

23. The system according to claim 1 wherein the second region for user interaction with the widget provides interaction function comprising any one of: clicking, double clicking, multiple clicking, click & dragging, keyboard input (with cursor over widget).

24. The system according to claim 1 wherein the single state is entered or exited by a user action comprising any one of keyboard key entry, mouse button entry or voice actuated entry.