US20100226607A1 - Off-axis fiber optic slip ring - Google Patents
Off-axis fiber optic slip ring Download PDFInfo
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- US20100226607A1 US20100226607A1 US11/443,415 US44341506A US2010226607A1 US 20100226607 A1 US20100226607 A1 US 20100226607A1 US 44341506 A US44341506 A US 44341506A US 2010226607 A1 US2010226607 A1 US 2010226607A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
- G02B6/3604—Rotary joints allowing relative rotational movement between opposing fibre or fibre bundle ends
Definitions
- the invention is related to off-axis multi-channel fiber optic slip ring to provide transmission of data in optic form between a mechanically rotational interface with a through bore.
- fiber optical rotary joints There are single channel, two channel and multi-channel fiber optical rotary joints. However, most of them are categorized as on-axis fiber optical rotary joint because the optical paths are located along the axis of rotation, or occupy the central space along the axis of rotation. If the central space along the rotational axis is not accessible, the optical light paths would not be allowed to path through the central area along the rotational axis. Such devices are usually called off-axis optical slip ring.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,460,242 discloses an optical slip ring employing optical fibers to allow light signals applied to any one or all of a number of inputs to be reproduced at a corresponding number of outputs of the slip ring in a continuous manner. It includes a rotatable output member, a stationary input member and a second rotatable member which is rotated at half the speed of the output member like a de-rotator.
- the input member having a plurality of equispaced light inputs and the output member having a corresponding number of light outputs and the second rotatable member having a coherent strip formed of a plurality of bundles of optical fibers for transmitting light from the light inputs on the input member to the light outputs.
- a de-rotating, transmissive intermediate optical component with an array of lensed optical transmitters and receivers respectively mounted on the rotor and stator.
- the derotating, intermediate optical component comprises an image conduit, image transporter, or coherent optical fiber bundle of close-packed monofibers or multifibers.
- U.S. Pat. No. 6,907,161 uses multiple inputs and pick-ups to send and receive data across members that have large diameters.
- the use of multiple inputs and pick-ups is required to keep the optical signals at a level that is sufficiently high to permit the photodiode receivers to operate.
- Wave guides are employed.
- the multiple inputs and pick-ups also cause a rapid rise and fall of the signal because the signal reflects from one area of the waveguide to another.
- the drawback is to use photodiode receivers which is an electro-optical device, so that the output signal is electrical and the power must be high. Besides, there is a time jitter thus limiting the data rate.
- the object of the present invention is to eliminate the huge number of fiber bundles and photodiodes in most prior arts, to provide a true passive, bidirectional, no time jitter, low-loss off-axis optic slip ring which could be used for both multi-mode and single mode fibers.
- FIG. 1 is preferred embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 2 is an outline diagram of the off-axis slip ring in FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 3 shows the mirror array in the invention.
- FIG. 4 illustrates another arrangement of the mirror array in the invention.
- FIG. 5 represents the position changes for the collimators on stator.
- FIG. 6 shows another embodiment of the gear transmission in the invention.
- FIG. 7 demonstrates a different way to build a multi-channel off-axis optic slip ring.
- FIG. 8 is the enlarged view for an on-axis multi-channel optic rotary joint used in FIG. 7 .
- a typical embodiment of a multi-channel off-axis optic slip ring in the present invention comprises rotor 18 , stator 30 , mirror array 16 , 26 , 36 , 46 , rhomboid prisms 15 , 45 , right angle prisms 25 , 35 , gears 19 , 22 , 23 , 24 , collimators 10 , 20 , 11 , 12 , and coupler 13 .
- a pair of bearings 50 are mounted between rotor 18 and stator 30 to provide the main rotational interface.
- Other bearings 51 , 52 , 53 , and 54 are used to rotationally support the gears 22 , 23 , 24 ; 32 , 33 , and 34 in the stator 30 .
- Collimators 10 , 20 and more (depends on how many channel would be built), are mounted on rotor 18 in circumferential direction at a different distances to the common rotational axis 70 .
- the axis of the collimators 10 , and 20 are parallel to the main rotational axis 70 .
- the rotor 18 and the mirror holder 60 are hollow along the said common rotational axis so that a through bore is provided, leaving the central part of the interface totally free. That means all the optical signals would not be allowed to pass through the through bore.
- On the inward end part of rotor 18 is a bevel gear 19 , which is engaged with another bevel gear 32 .
- a spur gear 33 is fixed with the bevel gear 32 and rotatable through the bearings 53 , thus driving the next spur gear 34 to rotate through the bearings 54 .
- a rhomboid prism 45 is attached on the gear 34 thus rotating with gear 34 .
- a folded mirror 16 is co-axial with the common rotational axis 70 with two flat mirror surfaces 161 and 162 , which are perpendicular each other and symmetrical to the common rotational axis (as shown in FIG. 3 ).
- the mirror array 16 , 26 , 36 and 46 are stationary by fixed to stator 30 through holder 60 and cover 40 .
- the gear ratio between gear 19 and 34 is designed to 1:1.
- the rotation direction of the gear 34 is the same as that of rotor 18 .
- FIG. 2 is an outline diagram of the off-axis slip ring in FIG. 1 , where, member 80 represents the opto-mechanical transformer, including all the gears, rhomboid prisms, right angle prisms, mirrors and bearings.
- member 80 represents the opto-mechanical transformer, including all the gears, rhomboid prisms, right angle prisms, mirrors and bearings.
- first channel light beam would be transmitted from collimator 10 to coupler 13 , vise versa.
- the second channel light beam would be transmitted from collimator 20 to coupler 63 , vise versa, in the same way.
- Mirror 26 is for second channel (as shown FIG. 1 ., FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 ).
- the gears and prisms for the second channel are not shown in the FIG. 1 , but they have the same opto-mechanical structure as the first channel. As illustrated in FIG.
- mirror array is illustrated in FIG. 4 if the gear systems for the even number of channel are arranged to perpendicular to the odd number of channel.
- mirror 16 is for channel one, mirror 36 for channel 3 , mirror 26 and 46 for channel 2 and channel 4 respectively.
- the axis of gears for channel 1 and 3 would be perpendicular to the axis of gears for channel 2 and 4 in order to save space.
- the optical signals would be directly coupled to collimator 11 and 12 respectively instead of using right angle prisms 25 and 35 like in FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 6 An alternative embodiment of the invention is illustrated in FIG. 6 , where the gear transmission is arranged in a different way as in FIG. 1 .
- the gear engagement between 19 and 24 , (or between 19 and 34 ), is in such an order as from spur gear to bevel gear, while in FIG. 1 it is from bevel gear to spur gear.
- the gear engagement order would not change the light path and the performance of the invention, but affect the mechanical dimensions of the invention.
- FIG. 7 a preferred embodiment of the invention for multi-channel off-axis fiber optic slip ring is illustrated, where, two on-axis multi-channel fiber optic rotary joints 99 and 100 are utilized. They are co-axially arranged with gear 34 and gear 24 respectively.
- the collimator 10 in FIG. 1 and FIG. 5 becomes a multi-collimator bundle 1000 in FIG. 7 in the same position on rotor 18 .
- the collimator 11 , or 12 in FIG. 1 and FIG. 5 becomes a multi-collimator bundle 111 , or 112 in FIG.
- the multi-collimator bundle 1000 could transmit multi-channel optical signals.
- the light beams emitted from multi-collimator bundle 1000 should be parallel one another.
- the paralleled light beams from the multi-collimator bundle 1000 would be reflected by the flat mirror surface 162 , or 161 , and then reflected two times by the rhomboid prism 45 , or 15 , to get into the central bore of the gear 34 , or gear 24 along the rotational axis of gear 34 , or gear 24 .
- the paralleled light beams from the multi-collimator bundle 1000 will rotate around the axis of gear 34 , or gear 24 , in a stable pattern after transmitted by the mirror 16 and rhomboid prism 45 , or 15 .
- the on-axis fiber optic rotary joint 99 , or 100 will allow the rotating paralleled light beams from the multi-collimator bundle 1000 to be coupled with the multi-collimator bundle 111 , 112 , which is fixed to the stator 30 .
- a coupler bundle 133 will couple the corresponding fibers from collimator bundle 111 and 112 .
- the gear 34 , or 24 is also the rotor of FORJ.
- a sun gear 118 is fixed with rotor 34 , which is engaged with planet gear 119
- another planet gear 120 is engaged with an internal gear 122 , which is part of stator 99 of the FORJ.
- a Dove prism 115 is co-axially fixed inside the through bore of carrier 116 .
- the planet gear system is such designed so that the carrier 116 will rotate at the half speed as that of the rotor 34 and in the same rotational direction. In this way, the rotating paralleled light beams on the rotor 34 will be coupled into corresponding collimators in the collimator bundle 111 , or 112 after pass through the Dove prism.
- the on-axis fiber optic rotary joint in FIG. 8 is only one typical on-axis fiber optic rotary join. Any other types of on-axis fiber optic rotary joint could be used in present invention in the same manner as the on-axis fiber optic rotary joints in FIG. 7 .
Abstract
Description
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U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 4,460,242 July 1984 Birch, et al. 4,492,427 January 1985 Lewis, et al. 4,943,137 July 1990 Speer 4,934,783 June 1990 Jacobson 6,907,161 July 2005 Bowman -
- “Fiber Optic Rotary Joints-A Review”, by GLENN F. I. DORSEY. IEEE Trans. Components, Hybrids, and Manufac. Technol., vol. CHMT-5, NO. 1, 1982, PP 39.
- “Mechanism design, analysis and synthesis,
volume 1” by Arthur G. Erdman and George N. Sandor. Third Edition. 1997. - 1. Field of the Invention
- The invention is related to off-axis multi-channel fiber optic slip ring to provide transmission of data in optic form between a mechanically rotational interface with a through bore.
- 2. Description of Related Art
- It is well known that the devices to transmit optical data between two independently rotational members are called fiber optical rotary joints, or optical slip ring. There are single channel, two channel and multi-channel fiber optical rotary joints. However, most of them are categorized as on-axis fiber optical rotary joint because the optical paths are located along the axis of rotation, or occupy the central space along the axis of rotation. If the central space along the rotational axis is not accessible, the optical light paths would not be allowed to path through the central area along the rotational axis. Such devices are usually called off-axis optical slip ring.
- The simplest, off-axis slip ring has been described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,492,427, which comprises two opposed annular fiber bundles and increasing the number of such concentric annular bundles radially would make the device multi-channeled. The concentric, annular fiber bundle fiber optic slip rings are bi-directional but do have a modulated light loss dependent on the rotational angle. For minimizing the importance of the modulation, a digitized signal rather than an analog signal has to be used. This off-axis slip ring only could be used for multi-mode fibers, not single mode fibers.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,460,242 discloses an optical slip ring employing optical fibers to allow light signals applied to any one or all of a number of inputs to be reproduced at a corresponding number of outputs of the slip ring in a continuous manner. It includes a rotatable output member, a stationary input member and a second rotatable member which is rotated at half the speed of the output member like a de-rotator. The input member having a plurality of equispaced light inputs and the output member having a corresponding number of light outputs and the second rotatable member having a coherent strip formed of a plurality of bundles of optical fibers for transmitting light from the light inputs on the input member to the light outputs.
- Another U.S. Pat. No. 4,943,137 assume the similar idea, where, a de-rotating, transmissive intermediate optical component with an array of lensed optical transmitters and receivers respectively mounted on the rotor and stator. The derotating, intermediate optical component comprises an image conduit, image transporter, or coherent optical fiber bundle of close-packed monofibers or multifibers.
- But actually, it is almost no way to handle and arrange so many fibers on the said rotatable members, especially for large diameter slip ring. The optical loss is very obvious for multi-mode fibers. It is almost impossible to use single mode fibers. The effect of damaged fibers, the presence of debris, separation distances, component tolerances, or backlash in the gearing also cause problems.
- A more sophisticated approach can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 6,907,161. The patent uses multiple inputs and pick-ups to send and receive data across members that have large diameters. The use of multiple inputs and pick-ups is required to keep the optical signals at a level that is sufficiently high to permit the photodiode receivers to operate. Wave guides are employed. The multiple inputs and pick-ups also cause a rapid rise and fall of the signal because the signal reflects from one area of the waveguide to another. The drawback is to use photodiode receivers which is an electro-optical device, so that the output signal is electrical and the power must be high. Besides, there is a time jitter thus limiting the data rate.
- The object of the present invention is to eliminate the huge number of fiber bundles and photodiodes in most prior arts, to provide a true passive, bidirectional, no time jitter, low-loss off-axis optic slip ring which could be used for both multi-mode and single mode fibers.
-
FIG. 1 is preferred embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 2 is an outline diagram of the off-axis slip ring inFIG. 1 . -
FIG. 3 shows the mirror array in the invention. -
FIG. 4 illustrates another arrangement of the mirror array in the invention. -
FIG. 5 represents the position changes for the collimators on stator. -
FIG. 6 shows another embodiment of the gear transmission in the invention. -
FIG. 7 demonstrates a different way to build a multi-channel off-axis optic slip ring. -
FIG. 8 is the enlarged view for an on-axis multi-channel optic rotary joint used inFIG. 7 . - As shown in
FIG. 1 , a typical embodiment of a multi-channel off-axis optic slip ring in the present invention comprisesrotor 18,stator 30,mirror array rhomboid prisms right angle prisms gears collimators coupler 13. A pair ofbearings 50 are mounted betweenrotor 18 andstator 30 to provide the main rotational interface.Other bearings gears stator 30.Collimators rotor 18 in circumferential direction at a different distances to the commonrotational axis 70. The axis of thecollimators rotational axis 70. Therotor 18 and themirror holder 60 are hollow along the said common rotational axis so that a through bore is provided, leaving the central part of the interface totally free. That means all the optical signals would not be allowed to pass through the through bore. On the inward end part ofrotor 18 is abevel gear 19, which is engaged with anotherbevel gear 32. A spur gear 33 is fixed with thebevel gear 32 and rotatable through thebearings 53, thus driving thenext spur gear 34 to rotate through thebearings 54. Arhomboid prism 45 is attached on thegear 34 thus rotating withgear 34. A foldedmirror 16 is co-axial with the commonrotational axis 70 with two flat mirror surfaces 161 and 162, which are perpendicular each other and symmetrical to the common rotational axis (as shown inFIG. 3 ). Themirror array stator 30 throughholder 60 andcover 40. The gear ratio betweengear gear 34 is the same as that ofrotor 18. When thecollimator 10 rotates within 180° and 360°, the light beam emitted fromcollimator 10 will be reflected by themirror surface 162 torhomboid prism 45 and reflected two times by the paralleled surfaces ofrhomboid prism 45 to the central hole ofgear 34. Another similarright angle prism 35 fixed in thestator 30 would pickup the light beam to thecollimator 11, which is also fixed onstator 30. Because the counterpart of the above described gears, rhomboid prisms, right angle prisms, and collimators are also symmetrically arranged to thecommon axis 70, when thecollimator 10 rotates between 0° and 180°, the light beam emitted fromcollimator 10 will be reflected bymirror surface 161,prism collimator 12. Finally, thecollimator optical coupler 13, which is also fixed tostator 30 throughcap 40. -
FIG. 2 is an outline diagram of the off-axis slip ring inFIG. 1 , where,member 80 represents the opto-mechanical transformer, including all the gears, rhomboid prisms, right angle prisms, mirrors and bearings. In the first channel, light beam would be transmitted fromcollimator 10 tocoupler 13, vise versa. In the second channel, light beam would be transmitted fromcollimator 20 tocoupler 63, vise versa, in the same way.Mirror 26 is for second channel (as shown FIG. 1.,FIG. 3 andFIG. 4 ). The gears and prisms for the second channel are not shown in theFIG. 1 , but they have the same opto-mechanical structure as the first channel. As illustrated inFIG. 2 , if the power of optical signal fromcollimator 10 is Pr, and the power of optical signal throughcollimator coupler 13, Ps,can be expressed as follows: -
- where, P2≈Pr, - - - (0˜180°),P1≈Pr, - - - (180°˜360°),
- Due to the opto-mechanical transmission error, usually, P1≠P2, and P1−P2≦1 dB
- Another embodiment of mirror array is illustrated in
FIG. 4 if the gear systems for the even number of channel are arranged to perpendicular to the odd number of channel. For example,mirror 16 is for channel one,mirror 36 for channel 3,mirror channel 2 and channel 4 respectively. In this way, the axis of gears forchannel 1 and 3 would be perpendicular to the axis of gears forchannel 2 and 4 in order to save space. - In
FIG. 5 , the optical signals would be directly coupled tocollimator right angle prisms FIG. 1 . - An alternative embodiment of the invention is illustrated in
FIG. 6 , where the gear transmission is arranged in a different way as inFIG. 1 . The gear engagement between 19 and 24, (or between 19 and 34), is in such an order as from spur gear to bevel gear, while inFIG. 1 it is from bevel gear to spur gear. The gear engagement order would not change the light path and the performance of the invention, but affect the mechanical dimensions of the invention. - In
FIG. 7 , a preferred embodiment of the invention for multi-channel off-axis fiber optic slip ring is illustrated, where, two on-axis multi-channel fiber optic rotary joints 99 and 100 are utilized. They are co-axially arranged withgear 34 andgear 24 respectively. To compare withFIG. 1 andFIG. 5 , almost all the opto-mechanical members are the same inFIG. 7 as inFIG. 1 andFIG. 5 , but only onemirror 16 is needed for this embodiment. Thecollimator 10 inFIG. 1 andFIG. 5 becomes amulti-collimator bundle 1000 inFIG. 7 in the same position onrotor 18. Thecollimator FIG. 1 andFIG. 5 becomes amulti-collimator bundle FIG. 7 in the similar position onstator 30. Themulti-collimator bundle 1000 could transmit multi-channel optical signals. The light beams emitted frommulti-collimator bundle 1000 should be parallel one another. For example, the paralleled light beams from themulti-collimator bundle 1000 would be reflected by theflat mirror surface rhomboid prism gear 34, orgear 24 along the rotational axis ofgear 34, orgear 24. When themulti-collimator bundle 1000 rotates with therotor 18 around the commonrotational axis 70, the paralleled light beams from themulti-collimator bundle 1000 will rotate around the axis ofgear 34, orgear 24, in a stable pattern after transmitted by themirror 16 andrhomboid prism multi-collimator bundle 1000 to be coupled with themulti-collimator bundle stator 30. Like inFIG. 1 andFIG. 5 , acoupler bundle 133 will couple the corresponding fibers fromcollimator bundle - To explain how the on-axis fiber optic rotary joint (FORJ) 99, or 100 works, the cross section view of a preferred on-axis fiber optic rotary joint 99, or 100 is enlarged in
FIG. 8 . Thegear sun gear 118 is fixed withrotor 34, which is engaged withplanet gear 119, while anotherplanet gear 120 is engaged with aninternal gear 122, which is part ofstator 99 of the FORJ. ADove prism 115 is co-axially fixed inside the through bore ofcarrier 116. The planet gear system is such designed so that thecarrier 116 will rotate at the half speed as that of therotor 34 and in the same rotational direction. In this way, the rotating paralleled light beams on therotor 34 will be coupled into corresponding collimators in thecollimator bundle - The on-axis fiber optic rotary joint in
FIG. 8 is only one typical on-axis fiber optic rotary join. Any other types of on-axis fiber optic rotary joint could be used in present invention in the same manner as the on-axis fiber optic rotary joints inFIG. 7 .
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