WO2006040350A1 - Single-code communication method and system for distributed networks - Google Patents
Single-code communication method and system for distributed networks Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006040350A1 WO2006040350A1 PCT/EP2005/055259 EP2005055259W WO2006040350A1 WO 2006040350 A1 WO2006040350 A1 WO 2006040350A1 EP 2005055259 W EP2005055259 W EP 2005055259W WO 2006040350 A1 WO2006040350 A1 WO 2006040350A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- code
- signaling
- network
- data
- packets
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
- H04B1/7163—Spread spectrum techniques using impulse radio
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
- H04B2001/6908—Spread spectrum techniques using time hopping
Definitions
- the invention relates in particular to a method and a communication system in a communications network supporting a physical layer of the ultra-wideband type where the transmissions are for example pulsed, or again respectively in the Anglo-Saxon term.
- UWB Ultra Wide Band
- IR Impulse Radio
- This type of network is usually called a distributed "ad hoc" network. It applies to both consumer applications and business applications. For professional applications, for example, are applications requiring temporary deployment in areas without infrastructure for intervention teams of the public security type (firefighters, doctors, special forces, maintenance teams in areas at risk, etc.). ). For consumer applications, for example, are applications of transmissions of multimedia information or telephony to replace the cables by wireless links.
- the ad hoc aspect of the network means that each new node arriving in radio range from the other nodes is detected and automatically associated with the network.
- CSMA / CA Carrier Sensé Multiple Access / Collision Avoidance
- Synchronized Multiple Access TDMA Type (abbreviated as Time Division) Multiple Access).
- a network station plays the role of coordinator of the network by allocating the resources of each frame to the different users according to their needs. This station is called a central station or a "master" station.
- This station is called a central station or a "master" station.
- the implementation of this type of network requires a very precise synchronization between the users.
- the propagation time is no longer negligible, and must be estimated and partially compensated by using a guard time.
- this synchronization is only local (one per aggregate or cluster) and communications between the master stations must be established. The realization and the implementation of such a system are therefore complex.
- the nodes of the network make transmission attempts over time in a random manner, while seeking to minimize collisions by partial knowledge of the network.
- the node that seeks to transmit "listens" to the transmission medium to detect the activity of other radios present in the network. When it does not detect activity, it starts transmitting.
- the activity detection is conventionally performed by an energy detection on the carrier frequency or frequencies of the network.
- the CSMA / CA protocol can be used in a "virtual" Carrier Sensé (CS) mode of transmission, by the transmission of request signaling packets to transmit or RTS (abbreviated to English). -Saxon Request To Send) and response type indicating availability to receive or CTS (Clear To Send).
- RTS Request Signaling packets
- CTS Clear To Send
- NAV Network Allocation Vector
- the protocol is said to be "sender-oriented" since it is a node that requests to transmit to another node via an RTS packet. If the requested node is available to receive a packet, it indicates it to the caller via a CTS packet.
- RTR Request To Receive
- MACA-BI protocol abbreviated Anglo-Saxon MACA - By invitation
- the physical layer of the transmission system proposed according to the invention is based in particular on ultra-wide band UWB-IR pulse technology.
- the principle of I 1 UWB-IR is to transmit the information by means of very short pulses (of the order of ns) in baseband.
- UWB-IR transmission systems have been essentially described at the physical layer level, for example in the document by MZ Win and RA Scholtz, "Impulse radio: how it works," IEEE Corn. Letters, vol. 2, no. 2, Feb. 1998, pp. 36-38.
- This physical layer includes a code division multiple access technique using time hopping codes (THC) or multiple access time hopping codes or TH-CDMA (Time Hopping Codes). Time Hoppping Code Division Multiple Access).
- THC time hopping codes
- TH-CDMA Time Hopping Codes
- the term "monocode” denotes a network for which each user has the same data code and the same signaling code.
- the data code and the signaling code are different in order to optimize the performance, but it is possible to envisage using a restriction of the data code for the synchronization code.
- the invention relates to a method of communication in a distributed network (non-centralized) of ad hoc type based on a physical layer allowing multiple access by code, comprising a step of sending signaling packets, transmitted on a code common to all users, called “signaling code" c s ⁇ k), a step of sending the data packet triggered by the signaling packets, characterized in that the data packet is transmitted on a code common to, at least the majority of network users, called 'data code' c D (k).
- the invention also relates to a communication system in a distributed network based on a physical layer allowing multiple access by code, characterized in that each user station of the network is equipped with a processor adapted to • send signaling packets, transmitted on a code common to all users, called “signaling code”, • send data packets triggered by the signaling packets, the data packets being transmitted on a code common to, at least, the majority of the users of the network called "data code”.
- the method according to the invention makes it possible to improve the average throughput. network by allowing multiple simultaneous transmissions.
- FIG. 1 the conventional organization of a frame in a MACA-BI distributed access radio network
- FIG. 2 an ad-hoc network presenting an exposed terminal situation
- FIG. 3 is an example of a timing diagram with four stations simultaneously implementing two point-to-point links in an exposed terminal context
- FIG. 4 is an ad-hoc network presenting a hidden terminal situation
- FIG. 5 is an example of a timing diagram with four stations simultaneously implementing two point-to-point links in a hidden terminal context
- Figure 6 illustrates the positioning of the pulses in a data packet.
- FIG. 2 schematizes a distributed access communications network of the UWB type, more generally with pulse transmissions. It comprises, for example, four stations A, B, C and D. Station B receives all the stations, station A receives a single station and C and D receive two stations. Each station is equipped with transmission / reception means and a processor adapted to perform the steps of the method according to the invention described below.
- B initiates an exchange with A, which corresponds to a conventional case of exposed terminal (C and D receive the RTR)
- the method according to the invention makes it possible to initiate a transmission between C and D without disturbing the exchange between A and B.
- the timing diagram of the exchanges is described in FIG. 3.
- the method according to the invention implemented within the network comprises for example the following steps: Step 1: sending signaling packets, either of the RTS / CTS type in the case of a "transmitter-oriented" protocol or of the RTR type in the case of a "receiver-oriented” protocol.
- the signaling packets are for example transmitted on a common code c s ⁇ k) to all users, Step 2: sending the data packet triggered by the signaling packets.
- the data packet is for example transmitted on a common code c D ⁇ k) to all users, called “data code"
- the procedure for sending the signaling packets (step 1) can be repeated.
- Each node acts autonomously.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a typical case of hidden terminal where the station A initiates an exchange with B. No mechanism is necessary to prevent the stations C and D to emit as in the case of the MACA / MACA-BI protocols, on the contrary , C can initiate an exchange with D as shown in the timing diagram of the exchanges in Figure 3, without worrying about the state of B. Indeed, the generated collisions have a low probability of creating errors given the optimization THC.
- FIG. 5 represents the timing diagram of the signals exchanged for the configuration of the network of FIG. 4.
- a variant of the invention comprises a random waiting process better known by the term "backoff" for sending signaling packets.
- This process consists of delaying the transmission of a signaling packet of random duration. This in particular makes it possible to reduce the probability of collision between several signaling packets by preventing the nodes of the network from synchronizing, synchronization being able to be caused and maintained by the exchange of the signaling packets.
- This variant can be applied to the first transmission of a signaling packet and / or the re-transmission of this packet after a transmission failure.
- Another variant of the invention consists in using the NAV. In this case, the probability of collisions is minimized at the expense of the overall network throughput.
- the codes chosen to implement the method according to the invention are for example codes which ensure that the effect of the collisions on the error rate is minimal. This results, for example, in the choice of codes whose partial autocorrelation (autocorrelation performed on a subset of the code) is minimum regardless of the offset.
- UWB-IR-THC signals A radio packet (or burst) signal UWB-IR-THC, corresponding to data or signaling, in the case of amplitude modulation is written:
- T c is the duration of an element of spreading code (duration of a chip)
- w (t) the pulse is the number of symbols transmitted in a packet
- N c the number of chips
- N f the number of frames.
- Figure 6 illustrates an example of positioning the pulses in a data packet.
- the package consists of three levels: 1) the symbol, 2) the frame, 3) the chip.
- the time interval corresponding to one symbol is divided into N f frames, each containing a pulse.
- the duration of a frame is divided into N c chips, the number of the chip in which the pulse is positioned being given by the value of the code c (k).
- the number of symbols transmitted by burst depends on the type of packet.
- the power of the interference of one (or more) packet (s) on the packet of interest is proportional to the sum of the squares of the partial intercorrelation of the codes in presence. Given the values of the codes, the best criterion assuring a minimum interference power is equivalent to the fact that the partial intercorrelation, over the length of a symbol (ie N c N f chips) is at most equal to 1, which that is the shift between the two packets.
- the codes jointly check the minimum collisions criterion in the following three cases:
- Criterion 1 the autocorrelation (deprived of the null delay) of the data code is minimal
- Criterion 2 the autocorrelation (deprived of the null delay) of the signaling code is minimal
- Criterion 3 The cross-correlation between the data code and the signaling code is minimal.
- Cases C1 and C2 exclude the null offset between the two packets, since it corresponds to a perfect synchronization between the user of interest and the interferent.
- One of the keys to the invention lies in the fact that this event is very unlikely, and that when this event is excluded, there are codes that have an identical degree of optimality in autocorrelation as in intercorrelation. In other words, if we exclude the event of total synchronization between the wanted signal and the interferents, the use of a unique (optimized) code is as efficient as the use of different optimized codes (a code per user).
- a variant of the invention consists of the use of a single code for signaling and data.
- the signaling code c s ⁇ k) is taken as the first N f N s values of the code c D (k) and only the criterion C1 is then to be verified.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP05797026A EP1800416A1 (en) | 2004-10-15 | 2005-10-14 | Single-code communication method and system for distributed networks |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0410954A FR2876846B1 (en) | 2004-10-15 | 2004-10-15 | MONO-CODE COMMUNICATION METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR DISTRIBUTED NETWORKS |
FR0410954 | 2004-10-15 |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2006040350A1 true WO2006040350A1 (en) | 2006-04-20 |
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PCT/EP2005/055259 WO2006040350A1 (en) | 2004-10-15 | 2005-10-14 | Single-code communication method and system for distributed networks |
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EP (1) | EP1800416A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2876846B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006040350A1 (en) |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5610907A (en) * | 1994-07-29 | 1997-03-11 | Barrett; Terence W. | Ultrafast time hopping CDMA-RF communications: code-as-carrier, multichannel operation, high data rate operation and data rate on demand |
US20010005403A1 (en) * | 1999-12-27 | 2001-06-28 | Hyundai Electronics Industries Co., Ltd. | Apparatus for calculating decision parameters in an IMT-2000 system |
EP1408620A1 (en) * | 2002-10-11 | 2004-04-14 | Mitsubishi Electric Information Technology Centre Europe B.V. | Transmission method and transmitter for an ultra-wide bandwidth telecommunication system |
EP1458139A1 (en) * | 2003-03-14 | 2004-09-15 | Mitsubishi Electric Information Technology Centre Europe B.V. | CDMA access method for channel allocation in an ad-hoc wireless network system (WPAN, scatternet) |
-
2004
- 2004-10-15 FR FR0410954A patent/FR2876846B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-10-14 WO PCT/EP2005/055259 patent/WO2006040350A1/en active Application Filing
- 2005-10-14 EP EP05797026A patent/EP1800416A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5610907A (en) * | 1994-07-29 | 1997-03-11 | Barrett; Terence W. | Ultrafast time hopping CDMA-RF communications: code-as-carrier, multichannel operation, high data rate operation and data rate on demand |
US20010005403A1 (en) * | 1999-12-27 | 2001-06-28 | Hyundai Electronics Industries Co., Ltd. | Apparatus for calculating decision parameters in an IMT-2000 system |
EP1408620A1 (en) * | 2002-10-11 | 2004-04-14 | Mitsubishi Electric Information Technology Centre Europe B.V. | Transmission method and transmitter for an ultra-wide bandwidth telecommunication system |
EP1458139A1 (en) * | 2003-03-14 | 2004-09-15 | Mitsubishi Electric Information Technology Centre Europe B.V. | CDMA access method for channel allocation in an ad-hoc wireless network system (WPAN, scatternet) |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
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RAMIREZ-MIRELES F: "PERFORMANCE OF ULTRAWIDEBAND SSMA USING TIME HOPPING AND M-ARY PPM", IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS, IEEE INC. NEW YORK, US, vol. 19, no. 6, June 2001 (2001-06-01), pages 1186 - 1196, XP001103037, ISSN: 0733-8716 * |
WEEKS G D ET AL: "Performance of hard decision detection for impulse radio", MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, 1999. MILCOM 1999. IEEE ATLANTIC CITY, NJ, USA 31 OCT.-3 NOV. 1999, PISCATAWAY, NJ, USA,IEEE, US, vol. 2, 31 October 1999 (1999-10-31), pages 1201 - 1206, XP010369748, ISBN: 0-7803-5538-5 * |
WIN M Z ET AL: "ULTRA-WIDE BANDWIDTH TIME-HOPPING SPREAD-SPECTRUM IMPULSE RADIO FORWIRELESS MULTIPLE-ACCESS COMMUNICATIONS", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS, IEEE INC. NEW YORK, US, vol. 48, no. 4, April 2000 (2000-04-01), pages 679 - 691, XP000932191, ISSN: 0090-6778 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1800416A1 (en) | 2007-06-27 |
FR2876846A1 (en) | 2006-04-21 |
FR2876846B1 (en) | 2007-02-09 |
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