WO2006111704A1 - Electrochemical cell stack with frame elements - Google Patents

Electrochemical cell stack with frame elements Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2006111704A1
WO2006111704A1 PCT/GB2006/001256 GB2006001256W WO2006111704A1 WO 2006111704 A1 WO2006111704 A1 WO 2006111704A1 GB 2006001256 W GB2006001256 W GB 2006001256W WO 2006111704 A1 WO2006111704 A1 WO 2006111704A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
frames
cell
passages
electrochemical stack
frame
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2006/001256
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Peter John Ridley
Original Assignee
Re-Fuel Technology Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Re-Fuel Technology Limited filed Critical Re-Fuel Technology Limited
Priority to DE602006013305T priority Critical patent/DE602006013305D1/en
Priority to EP06726659A priority patent/EP1886368B1/en
Priority to DK06726659.3T priority patent/DK1886368T3/en
Priority to AT06726659T priority patent/ATE463055T1/en
Priority to CA2604784A priority patent/CA2604784C/en
Priority to JP2008505946A priority patent/JP2008537290A/en
Priority to US12/226,328 priority patent/US8182940B2/en
Priority to GB0719603A priority patent/GB2438575B/en
Priority to AU2006238731A priority patent/AU2006238731B2/en
Publication of WO2006111704A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006111704A1/en
Priority to ZA2007/08771A priority patent/ZA200708771B/en

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02Details
    • H01M8/0271Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
    • H01M8/0273Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes with sealing or supporting means in the form of a frame
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25BELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/70Assemblies comprising two or more cells
    • C25B9/73Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/18Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/18Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
    • H01M8/184Regeneration by electrochemical means
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a stack of electrochemical or electrolytic cell, in particular though not exclusively to a regenerative reduction/oxidation (redox) fuel cell stack.
  • redox regenerative reduction/oxidation
  • Electrochemical cells consist of typically between two and fifty alternate positive and negative half cells, although greater numbers are not unknown; since the cells components are stacked together, such plurality of half cells is typically known as an electrochemical stack or an electrolytic cell stack, often shortened simply to "a stack". Significant factors in the design of such a cell stack are the method of construction and thickness of the individual cells. Typical arrangements use what is known as a filter press design comprising within each cell successive layers of a non-conductive gasket material. The layers comprise frames, which provide accommodation for electrode material and also contain within their thickness electrolyte flow distribution passages.
  • Each frame is assembled into one of two types of one half cell — positive and negative; it is noted that in general the design of frames for both positive and negative half cells is essentially similar and their assignment as either is a consequence of the overall construction and use of the stack rather than any inherent characteristic.
  • These frames are typically interleaved alternately with sheets of a suitable electrode material and a suitable membrane separator. This construction produces a succession of half-cell pairs in series with electrodes common to two half cells, whence the electrodes are referred to as bipolar electrodes. It is also possible and desirable in some applications to connect electrically to the intermediate electrodes and, depending on the internal electrolyte distribution arrangement, operate the cells in various other series and/or parallel manners when some or all of the electrodes may be unipolar rather than bipolar.
  • the frames must provide a number of different features, including hydraulic sealing, mechanical strength, accommodation of the electrode and flow distribution passages, these passages being required to provide both isolation against internal shunt currents and conversely minimal flow resistance and uniform flow distribution, a design compromise between features is usually required.
  • closure of the distribution channels within such frames must be achieved such as to prevent undesirable and potentially damaging paths for both hydraulic and electrical current leakage
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an improved electochemical cell stack.
  • an electrochemical stack cell comprising a plurality of cells arranged side-by-side in a stack, each cell having:
  • each electrode plate at the side of each half cell opposite from the membrane, each electrode plate providing contact between adjacent cells at least for intermediate ones of the cells, • a pair of frames, one for one half cell and the other for the other, the frames:
  • each plate electrode is captivated between a frame from one cell and a frame from an adjacent cell with at least two portions of the margins of these frames extending outside respective edges of the plate electrode, the adjacent cell frames having faces which abut at the portions; • the flow passages are formed in the faces of the margins and are closed by abutting opposite frame faces; and
  • the frames will be rectangular, i.e. having four straight margins, with the electrolyte duct apertures arranged at the corners.
  • the flow passages can be distributed into all four margins, however, they are preferably provided in two opposite margins only. It is possible to provide all the passages in the face of one of each pair of abutting face frames, i.e. with two passages in each marginal portion having passages with one through frame opening in the portion at the end of one of the passages and another said opening in the other frame opposite the end of the other passage.
  • each flow passage then has an opening through the frame; or all openings can be provided in the opposite marginal portion.
  • the passages can be provided such that the frames have symmetry about a central axis transverse the plane of their abutting faces; or the passages can be arranged to extend from two duct apertures at neighbouring corners of the frame, with the passages extending in the marginal portions extending away from the margin interconnecting the neighbouring corners.
  • the electrodes are captivated at rebates in the abutting faces of the frames extending around the entire continuity of the margins around the central void Whilst it is envisaged that frames could be held together with sufficient compression to seal the cavities, the ducts and the passage ways, particularly where the frames are of elastomeric material. However it is preferred to provide seals around the ducts and the passages radiating from them and around the electrodes.
  • the seals can be of gasket material, but are preferably O-rings set in grooves in frames.
  • passage extensions are provided in the opposite faces of the frames from the abutting faces, the extensions extending from the through-frame openings to the respective electrolyte distribution rebates.
  • the electrolyte distribution rebates are wider than the electrode captivation rebates.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of part of a cell stack of the invention, a full stack in practice having more cells than shown;
  • Figure 2 is an exploded view of two frames, an electrode and a membrane of the stack of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional side view of the stack of Figure 1 on the plane HI-III shown in Figure 1 ;
  • Figure 4 is another cross-sectional side view of fewer frames on the plane IV- IV shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 5 is a scrap cross-sectional side view on the plane V-V shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 6 is a view similar to Figure 2 of alternative frames, having an alternative passage layout;
  • Figure 7 is another view similar to Figure 2 showing another alternative passage layout.
  • a redox fuel cell stack 1 comprises a plurality of half cell frames 2,3 which are essentially the same, although differing slightly. They are of moulded polymer. Interleaved between them are semi-permeable membranes 4 and graphite plate electrodes 5 (which are of polymer heavily filled with graphite powder or flakes). In use the electrodes act as bipolar electrodes for respectively different reagents and reactions on either side. The membranes equally separate the reagents and allow passage of selected ions and electrons as the reaction progresses.
  • the present invention is concerned with the physical arrangement of the features of the cell stack, although it should be noted that a complete electro-chemical cell is present between each pair of electrodes and includes a membrane and half cell spaces provided by the voids about to be described.
  • the frames 2,3 are both rectangular, with margins 11 around central voids 12. At the voids, they have rebates 14 in abutting faces 15 for locating the plate electrodes. Closest to their corners, they have small holes 46 for location rods 16 and set in from these, apertures 17 are provided for forming ducts throughout the stack for flow of electrolyte to and from the cell cavities provided by the voids 12. With reference to Figures 2, 4 & 5, the frames 2 have electrolyte flow passages 18 open in their faces 15 abutting the frames 3 and leading from the duct apertures 17 towards each other in end parts 11' of the margins of the frames. The passages stop short of each other and are surrounded by grooves containing sealing O-rings 20.
  • the openings 22,19 open into short passages 23 directed towards the central voids and debouching into electrolyte distribution rebates 24, which extend the full width of the central voids at the margin end parts 11'.
  • These rebates have dimples 25 for locating a membrane 4 between them, insofar as a rebate in one frame 2 is adjacent another in frame 3 and so on.
  • electrolyte can flow from one duct aperture 17 in one corner, via the passage 18 from the aperture, either through the frame 2 via the opening 22 or the frame 3 via the opening 19, through short passage 23 and the respective distribution rebate 24 and into the central void to whichever side of the plate electrode it was directed by the opening 19,22.
  • the half cells can include three dimensional electrodes in the form of graphite felt pads 41. These fill the central voids, from the electrode plates to the membranes.
  • the felt is open in the sense of having appreciable spaces around the individual fibres. Thus the felt provides little resistance to flow of the electrolyte through the cell.
  • a copper collector plate 51 is provided across the end one of the plate electrodes for collection of current from it.
  • the collector plate is set in an insulating carrier 52 and the whole stack is held in compression by an end plate 53. This is clamped in position by non-shown studs acting between it and another compression plate at the other end of the stack.
  • Figures 6 & 7 show alternative passage layouts.
  • the frame 102 has a passages 118 from the duct apertures 117 at one long side only of the frame. At the end of each passage there is a through opening 122 to further passages and distribution rebates on the other side.
  • These 123,124 are shown in frame 103, which has the same layout of passages, as can be envisaged as rotation of the frame 103 about the longitudinal axis L. It should be noted that short passages 123 are both on the same side of the longitudinal axis L.
  • the passages 218 are arranged symmetrically about the central transverse axis A, as well as the layout being symmetrical about the axis L. Otherwise, the arrangement is essentially similar.
  • the frames 2,3; 102,103; 202,203 can be assembled together in pairs with their electrode plates and O-rings, as sub-assemblies.
  • the sub-assemblies are then stacked together with a membrane sandwiched between each sub-assembly. This is a more convenient manufacturing process than assembling the stack from a successive selection of four components.
  • the flow passages are defined in one rigid frame face, closed by another. Thus the passages are dimensionally stable, electrically isolated from the plate electrodes and not bounded by the membrane. This arrangement gives more predictable properties to the finished stack for instance in terms of the loss due to ohmic connection of one electrode to the next by the electrolyte columns in the passages connecting each electrode to its neighbour via the electrolyte flow passages; • The O-rings provide a high degree of sealing integrity;
  • the cell thickness in terms of the separation from the membranes to the electrode plates is independent of the thickness of the frames. For instance very thin cells can be constructed, which would provide difficulties in terms of flow passage depth, with the flow passages being accommodated in that part of the frames accommodating the thickness of the electrode plates.
  • the frames can be moulded in simple insert-less moulds and the only additional parts required are the electrodes, membranes and seals. (In our prior cell stack, numerous location washers were required.)
  • the cell stack is equally suitable for cells used for generating electricity by electrochemical reaction as for cells in which electrochemical reaction is brought about by application of electricity. For this reason, no details of the chemicals nor the reactions are given. However, the chemicals are likely to be corrosive, and as such the materials of the cell need to be as resistant to chemical reaction as reasonably possible.
  • the electrode plate is preferably of graphite filled polypropylene, with the same polymer being used for the frames.
  • the O-rings can be of fluoroelastomer, typically VitonTM material from DuPont.
  • the membranes can be of conventional electrochemical membrane material.
  • the felt electrode can be omitted.
  • the frames may be bonded together to captivate and seal the electrodes and seal the passages and duct apertures.
  • Figure 8 shows adhesive 350 for this.
  • the O-rings 21 sealing the frames to each other peripherally of the electrode plates 5 have been replaced by O-rings 321 sealing the frames to the electrode plates 305, in inwards of the adhesive 350.
  • This variant shows an end, copper current collector plate 351 located in a special end frame 352 have a rectangular cut-out 3521 for the collector plate 351 and a groove 3522 for a contact tongue 3511 of the collector plate.
  • a back-up plate 3523 insulates the collector plate from a clamp plate 353.

Abstract

A redox fuel cell stack (1) comprises a plurality of essentially similar half-cell frames (2,3) of moulded polymer. Interleaved between them are semi -permeable membranes (4) and bipolar plate electrodes. The frames (2, 3) are rectangular, with margins (11) around central voids (12). At the voids, they have rebates (14) in abutting faces (15) for locating the plate electrodes. At their corners, they have apertures (17) for forming ducts throughout the stack for flow of electrolyte to and from the cell cavities provided by the voids (12). The frames (2) have electrolyte flow passages (18) open in their faces 15 abutting the frames 3 and leading towards each other. The passages stop short of each other and are surrounded by grooves containing sealing O-rings (20). Diagonally opposite ones of the passages (18) end at openings (22) passing through the frames (2). The other passages have no openings in the frames (2), but the frames (3) have openings through them in register with the ends of the passages. On the other side of the frames (2) and (3), the openings (21, 22) open into short passages (23) directed towards the central voids and debouching into electrolyte distribution rebates (24). Thus electrolyte can flow from one duct aperture (17) in one corner, via the passage (18) from the aperture, either through the frame (2) via the opening (21) or the frame (3) via the opening (22), through short passage (23) and the respective distribution rebate and into the central void to whichever side of the plate electrode it was directed by the opening (21, 22). From the opposite end of the central void, the electrolyte is lead back into the diagonally opposite duct aperture

Description

ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL STACK
The present invention relates to a stack of electrochemical or electrolytic cell, in particular though not exclusively to a regenerative reduction/oxidation (redox) fuel cell stack.
Electrochemical cells are known which consist of typically between two and fifty alternate positive and negative half cells, although greater numbers are not unknown; since the cells components are stacked together, such plurality of half cells is typically known as an electrochemical stack or an electrolytic cell stack, often shortened simply to "a stack". Significant factors in the design of such a cell stack are the method of construction and thickness of the individual cells. Typical arrangements use what is known as a filter press design comprising within each cell successive layers of a non-conductive gasket material. The layers comprise frames, which provide accommodation for electrode material and also contain within their thickness electrolyte flow distribution passages. Each frame is assembled into one of two types of one half cell — positive and negative; it is noted that in general the design of frames for both positive and negative half cells is essentially similar and their assignment as either is a consequence of the overall construction and use of the stack rather than any inherent characteristic. These frames are typically interleaved alternately with sheets of a suitable electrode material and a suitable membrane separator. This construction produces a succession of half-cell pairs in series with electrodes common to two half cells, whence the electrodes are referred to as bipolar electrodes. It is also possible and desirable in some applications to connect electrically to the intermediate electrodes and, depending on the internal electrolyte distribution arrangement, operate the cells in various other series and/or parallel manners when some or all of the electrodes may be unipolar rather than bipolar.
Since the frames must provide a number of different features, including hydraulic sealing, mechanical strength, accommodation of the electrode and flow distribution passages, these passages being required to provide both isolation against internal shunt currents and conversely minimal flow resistance and uniform flow distribution, a design compromise between features is usually required. In particular, it is known to be desirable to achieve high linear flow velocity of electrolyte within the cell, which implies small cell spacing but since the frame thickness defines the spacing this in turn has the undesired effect of reducing the depth available for the distribution passages which are typically indented into one or other surface of the frames. Furthermore, it is known that for efficient and reliable cell performance, closure of the distribution channels within such frames must be achieved such as to prevent undesirable and potentially damaging paths for both hydraulic and electrical current leakage
The object of the present invention is to provide an improved electochemical cell stack.
According to the invention there is provided an electrochemical stack cell comprising a plurality of cells arranged side-by-side in a stack, each cell having:
• a membrane, • a first half cell cavity on one side of the membrane and a second half cell cavity on the other side of the membrane,
• a respective electrode plate at the side of each half cell opposite from the membrane, each electrode plate providing contact between adjacent cells at least for intermediate ones of the cells, • a pair of frames, one for one half cell and the other for the other, the frames:
• captivating the membrane between themselves,
• locating the electrode plates and
• having:
• continuous margins around central voids providing the half cell cavities,
• apertures in the continuous margins providing ducts for flow of electrolyte through the stack for distribution to the cells,
• electrolyte distribution rebates at opposite inside edges of the margins and • passages in the continuous margins for electrolyte flow from one of the duct apertures, into and out of the half cell at the distribution rebates and to another of the duct apertures, wherein: • each plate electrode is captivated between a frame from one cell and a frame from an adjacent cell with at least two portions of the margins of these frames extending outside respective edges of the plate electrode, the adjacent cell frames having faces which abut at the portions; • the flow passages are formed in the faces of the margins and are closed by abutting opposite frame faces; and
• through-frame openings are provided in the frames for extending the passages from the abutting faces of the frames to the other, membrane side of the frames into distribution rebates.
Although other configurations are possible particularly curved or polygonal having rectilinear opposite margins with the electrolyte duct apertures arranged at the corners, normally the frames will be rectangular, i.e. having four straight margins, with the electrolyte duct apertures arranged at the corners. The flow passages can be distributed into all four margins, however, they are preferably provided in two opposite margins only. It is possible to provide all the passages in the face of one of each pair of abutting face frames, i.e. with two passages in each marginal portion having passages with one through frame opening in the portion at the end of one of the passages and another said opening in the other frame opposite the end of the other passage. Alternatively, one passage only can be provided in each marginal portion having a said flow passage. Conveniently each flow passage then has an opening through the frame; or all openings can be provided in the opposite marginal portion. The passages can be provided such that the frames have symmetry about a central axis transverse the plane of their abutting faces; or the passages can be arranged to extend from two duct apertures at neighbouring corners of the frame, with the passages extending in the marginal portions extending away from the margin interconnecting the neighbouring corners.
Conveniently, the electrodes are captivated at rebates in the abutting faces of the frames extending around the entire continuity of the margins around the central void Whilst it is envisaged that frames could be held together with sufficient compression to seal the cavities, the ducts and the passage ways, particularly where the frames are of elastomeric material. However it is preferred to provide seals around the ducts and the passages radiating from them and around the electrodes. The seals can be of gasket material, but are preferably O-rings set in grooves in frames.
In the preferred embodiment, passage extensions are provided in the opposite faces of the frames from the abutting faces, the extensions extending from the through-frame openings to the respective electrolyte distribution rebates. Preferably, the electrolyte distribution rebates are wider than the electrode captivation rebates.
To help understanding of the invention, a specific embodiment thereof will now be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a perspective view of part of a cell stack of the invention, a full stack in practice having more cells than shown;
Figure 2 is an exploded view of two frames, an electrode and a membrane of the stack of Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a cross-sectional side view of the stack of Figure 1 on the plane HI-III shown in Figure 1 ;
Figure 4 is another cross-sectional side view of fewer frames on the plane IV- IV shown in Figure 1;
Figure 5 is a scrap cross-sectional side view on the plane V-V shown in Figure 1; Figure 6 is a view similar to Figure 2 of alternative frames, having an alternative passage layout; and
Figure 7 is another view similar to Figure 2 showing another alternative passage layout.
Referring to the drawings, a redox fuel cell stack 1 comprises a plurality of half cell frames 2,3 which are essentially the same, although differing slightly. They are of moulded polymer. Interleaved between them are semi-permeable membranes 4 and graphite plate electrodes 5 (which are of polymer heavily filled with graphite powder or flakes). In use the electrodes act as bipolar electrodes for respectively different reagents and reactions on either side. The membranes equally separate the reagents and allow passage of selected ions and electrons as the reaction progresses. The present invention is concerned with the physical arrangement of the features of the cell stack, although it should be noted that a complete electro-chemical cell is present between each pair of electrodes and includes a membrane and half cell spaces provided by the voids about to be described.
The frames 2,3 are both rectangular, with margins 11 around central voids 12. At the voids, they have rebates 14 in abutting faces 15 for locating the plate electrodes. Closest to their corners, they have small holes 46 for location rods 16 and set in from these, apertures 17 are provided for forming ducts throughout the stack for flow of electrolyte to and from the cell cavities provided by the voids 12. With reference to Figures 2, 4 & 5, the frames 2 have electrolyte flow passages 18 open in their faces 15 abutting the frames 3 and leading from the duct apertures 17 towards each other in end parts 11' of the margins of the frames. The passages stop short of each other and are surrounded by grooves containing sealing O-rings 20. These latter seal with the opposite face of the abutting frame. Also in the faces 15 are grooves for O-rings 21 sealing the frames around the electrode plates 5. The O-rings 20,21 seal the frames against leakage of electrolyte out from between them. Diagonally opposite ones of the passages 18 end at openings 22 passing through the frames 2. The other passages have no openings in the frames 2, but the frames 3 have openings 19 through them in register with the ends of the passages.
On the other side of the frames 2 and 3, the openings 22,19 open into short passages 23 directed towards the central voids and debouching into electrolyte distribution rebates 24, which extend the full width of the central voids at the margin end parts 11'. These rebates have dimples 25 for locating a membrane 4 between them, insofar as a rebate in one frame 2 is adjacent another in frame 3 and so on. Thus electrolyte can flow from one duct aperture 17 in one corner, via the passage 18 from the aperture, either through the frame 2 via the opening 22 or the frame 3 via the opening 19, through short passage 23 and the respective distribution rebate 24 and into the central void to whichever side of the plate electrode it was directed by the opening 19,22. From the opposite end of the central void, the electrolyte is lead back into the diagonally opposite duct aperture 17. The half cells which the central voids define are closed by the membranes 4, captivated between the frames 2,3 at their faces opposite from those abutting at the electrode plates. These faces 31 have O-rings 32 in grooves around the apertures 17 and O-rings 33 in grooves around the entirety of the central void and the apertures 17. These seal with the membrane. In order to avoid O-rings pressing against O-rings via the membrane, ones O-rings in the frames 2 are set at a smaller diametral dimension D than those D + d in the frames 3, whereby the O-rings are offset from each other, as can be seen in Figure 4. Similarly, the O-rings 33 on opposite sides of the membranes are staggered. It should be noted that the membranes are apertured at 34 & 35 for flow of electrolyte in the ducts 17 through them and the location rods 16.
As shown in Figure 3, the half cells can include three dimensional electrodes in the form of graphite felt pads 41. These fill the central voids, from the electrode plates to the membranes. However, the felt is open in the sense of having appreciable spaces around the individual fibres. Thus the felt provides little resistance to flow of the electrolyte through the cell.
At the end of the stack, a copper collector plate 51 is provided across the end one of the plate electrodes for collection of current from it. The collector plate is set in an insulating carrier 52 and the whole stack is held in compression by an end plate 53. This is clamped in position by non-shown studs acting between it and another compression plate at the other end of the stack.
Figures 6 & 7 show alternative passage layouts. In Figure 6, the frame 102 has a passages 118 from the duct apertures 117 at one long side only of the frame. At the end of each passage there is a through opening 122 to further passages and distribution rebates on the other side. These 123,124 are shown in frame 103, which has the same layout of passages, as can be envisaged as rotation of the frame 103 about the longitudinal axis L. It should be noted that short passages 123 are both on the same side of the longitudinal axis L. In Figure 7, the passages 218 are arranged symmetrically about the central transverse axis A, as well as the layout being symmetrical about the axis L. Otherwise, the arrangement is essentially similar. Whilst it is desirable for production purposes that the two frames 102 & 103, 202 & 203 respectively should be identical, the provision of the O-rings at the membrane with differing diametral dimensions causes the frames to be different and mitigates against them being otherwise identical. The arrangement shown in Figure 7 has moulded recesses 246 in both faces of the frames 203 in place of the holes 46 and lugs 216 moulded on both faces of the frames 202. This arrangement ensures that the frames are assembled with the O-rings within each other as intended, even although the passage layout is identical.
With either of these alternatives, or with the embodiment of Figures 1 to 5, the frames 2,3; 102,103; 202,203 can be assembled together in pairs with their electrode plates and O-rings, as sub-assemblies. The sub-assemblies are then stacked together with a membrane sandwiched between each sub-assembly. This is a more convenient manufacturing process than assembling the stack from a successive selection of four components.
It should be noted that the above described stacks have the following additional advantages:
• The flow passages are defined in one rigid frame face, closed by another. Thus the passages are dimensionally stable, electrically isolated from the plate electrodes and not bounded by the membrane. This arrangement gives more predictable properties to the finished stack for instance in terms of the loss due to ohmic connection of one electrode to the next by the electrolyte columns in the passages connecting each electrode to its neighbour via the electrolyte flow passages; • The O-rings provide a high degree of sealing integrity;
• The cell thickness, in terms of the separation from the membranes to the electrode plates is independent of the thickness of the frames. For instance very thin cells can be constructed, which would provide difficulties in terms of flow passage depth, with the flow passages being accommodated in that part of the frames accommodating the thickness of the electrode plates.
• The frames can be moulded in simple insert-less moulds and the only additional parts required are the electrodes, membranes and seals. (In our prior cell stack, numerous location washers were required.) The cell stack is equally suitable for cells used for generating electricity by electrochemical reaction as for cells in which electrochemical reaction is brought about by application of electricity. For this reason, no details of the chemicals nor the reactions are given. However, the chemicals are likely to be corrosive, and as such the materials of the cell need to be as resistant to chemical reaction as reasonably possible. For instance, the electrode plate is preferably of graphite filled polypropylene, with the same polymer being used for the frames. The O-rings can be of fluoroelastomer, typically Viton™ material from DuPont. The membranes can be of conventional electrochemical membrane material.
The invention is not intended to be restricted to the details of the above described embodiment. For instance, where the chemistry of the reaction in the cell is suited to very thin cells without three dimensional electrodes, the felt electrode can be omitted. Further, it is envisaged that at least at the abutting faces 15, the frames may be bonded together to captivate and seal the electrodes and seal the passages and duct apertures. Figure 8 shows adhesive 350 for this. In the variant shown in this Figure, the O-rings 21 sealing the frames to each other peripherally of the electrode plates 5 have been replaced by O-rings 321 sealing the frames to the electrode plates 305, in inwards of the adhesive 350. This variant shows an end, copper current collector plate 351 located in a special end frame 352 have a rectangular cut-out 3521 for the collector plate 351 and a groove 3522 for a contact tongue 3511 of the collector plate. A back-up plate 3523 insulates the collector plate from a clamp plate 353.

Claims

CLAIMS:
1. An electrochemical stack cell comprising a plurality of cells arranged side-by-side in a stack, each cell having:
• a membrane, • a first half cell cavity on one side of the membrane and a second half cell cavity on the other side of the membrane,
• a respective electrode plate at the side of each half cell opposite from the membrane, each electrode plate providing contact between adjacent cells at least for intermediate ones of the cells, • a pair of frames, one for one half cell and the other for the other, the frames:
• captivating the membrane between themselves,
• locating the electrode plates and
• having:
• continuous margins around central voids providing the half cell cavities,
• apertures in the continuous margins providing ducts for flow of electrolyte through the stack for distribution to the cells,
• electrolyte distribution rebates at opposite inside edges of the margins and • passages in the continuous margins for electrolyte flow from one of the duct apertures, into and out of the half cell at the distribution rebates and to another of the duct apertures, wherein:
• each plate electrode is captivated between a frame from one cell and a frame from an adjacent cell with at least two portions of the margins of these frames extending outside respective edges of the plate electrode, the adjacent cell frames having faces which abut at the portions;
• the flow passages are formed in the faces of the margins and are closed by abutting opposite frame faces; and • through-frame openings are provided in the frames for extending the passages from the abutting faces of the frames to the other, membrane side of the frames into distribution rebates.
2. An electrochemical stack cell as claimed in claim I5 having rectilinear opposite margins with the electrolyte duct apertures arranged at the corners.
3. An electrochemical stack cell as claimed in claim 2, wherein the flow passages are provided in two opposite margins.
4. An electrochemical stack cell as claimed in claim 3, wherein all the passages in the face of one of each pair of abutting face frames, i.e. with two passages in each marginal portion having passages with one through-frame opening in the portion at the end of one of the passages and another said opening in the other frame opposite the end of the other passage.
5. An electrochemical stack cell as claimed in claim 3, wherein one passage only is provided in each marginal portion having a said flow passage.
6. An electrochemical stack cell as claimed in claim 5, wherein each said passage has an opening through its frame.
7. An electrochemical stack cell as claimed in claim 5, wherein all through-frame openings are provided in the marginal portion opposite from the end of the respective passages.
8. An electrochemical stack cell as claimed in claim 5, claim 6 or claim 7, wherein the flow passages are provided such that the frames have symmetry about a central axis transverse the plane of their abutting faces
9. An electrochemical stack cell as claimed in claim 5, claim 6 or claim 7, wherein the passages are arranged to extend from two duct apertures at neighbouring corners of the frame, with the passages extending in the marginal portions extending away from the margin interconnecting the neighbouring corners.
10. An electrochemical stack cell as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the electrodes are captivated at rebates in the abutting faces of the frames extending around the entire continuity of the margins around the central void.
11. An electrochemical stack cell as claimed in claim 10, wherein the electrolyte distribution rebates are wider than the electrode captivation rebates.
12. An electrochemical stack cell as claimed in claim 11, including flow spreading elements in the electrolyte distribution rebates.
13. An electrochemical stack cell as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the frames are held together with sufficient compression to seal the cavities, the ducts and the passage ways, the frames being of elastomeric material.
14. Ail electrochemical stack cell as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein seals are provided around the ducts and the passages radiating from them, around the electrodes and around the half cell cavities between the frame and the membranes.
15. An electrochemical stack cell as claimed in claim 14, wherein the seals are O- rings set in grooves in frames, the O-rings on one side of the membrane being of set at a smaller diametral dimension than those on the other side, whereby the O-rings are offset from each other.
16. An electrochemical stack cell as claimed in claim 14 or claim 15, wherein O-ring seals are provided on opposite sides of the electrode plates, sealing them to the frames captivating them.
17. An electrochemical stack cell as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein at least some adjacent half cell frames are bonded together.
18. An electrochemical stack cell as claimed in any preceding claim, including passage extension in the opposite faces of the frames from the abutting faces, the extensions extending from the through-frame openings to the respective electrolyte distribution rebates.
19. An electrochemical stack cell as claimed in any preceding claim, including three dimensional electrodes extending from the plate electrodes into the respective half cells.
PCT/GB2006/001256 2005-04-16 2006-04-05 Electrochemical cell stack with frame elements WO2006111704A1 (en)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE602006013305T DE602006013305D1 (en) 2005-04-16 2006-04-05 ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL STACK WITH FRAME ELEMENTS
EP06726659A EP1886368B1 (en) 2005-04-16 2006-04-05 Electrochemical cell stack with frame elements
DK06726659.3T DK1886368T3 (en) 2005-04-16 2006-04-05 Electrochemical cell stack with frame elements
AT06726659T ATE463055T1 (en) 2005-04-16 2006-04-05 ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL STACK WITH FRAME ELEMENTS
CA2604784A CA2604784C (en) 2005-04-16 2006-04-05 Electrochemical cell stack
JP2008505946A JP2008537290A (en) 2005-04-16 2006-04-05 Electrochemical cell stack
US12/226,328 US8182940B2 (en) 2005-04-16 2006-04-05 Electrochemical cell stack
GB0719603A GB2438575B (en) 2005-04-16 2006-04-05 Electrochemical cell stack
AU2006238731A AU2006238731B2 (en) 2005-04-16 2006-04-05 Electrochemical cell stack with frame elements
ZA2007/08771A ZA200708771B (en) 2005-04-16 2007-10-15 Electrochemical cell stack

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0507756.5 2005-04-16
GBGB0507756.5A GB0507756D0 (en) 2005-04-16 2005-04-16 New filter press cell

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2006111704A1 true WO2006111704A1 (en) 2006-10-26

Family

ID=34630824

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB2006/001256 WO2006111704A1 (en) 2005-04-16 2006-04-05 Electrochemical cell stack with frame elements

Country Status (13)

Country Link
US (1) US8182940B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1886368B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2008537290A (en)
CN (1) CN101160679A (en)
AT (1) ATE463055T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2006238731B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2604784C (en)
DE (1) DE602006013305D1 (en)
DK (1) DK1886368T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2343817T3 (en)
GB (2) GB0507756D0 (en)
WO (1) WO2006111704A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA200708771B (en)

Cited By (50)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011114094A1 (en) * 2010-03-19 2011-09-22 Renewable Energy Dynamics Technology Ltd Electrochemical cell stack
EP2648257A1 (en) 2012-04-03 2013-10-09 Bozankaya BC&C Flow battery, electrochemical energy converter for a flow battery, a cell frame and bipolar plate and collector plate
AT513834A4 (en) * 2013-03-01 2014-08-15 Cellstrom Gmbh Elastomer end frame of a redox flow battery
US9286673B2 (en) 2012-10-05 2016-03-15 Volcano Corporation Systems for correcting distortions in a medical image and methods of use thereof
US9292918B2 (en) 2012-10-05 2016-03-22 Volcano Corporation Methods and systems for transforming luminal images
US9301687B2 (en) 2013-03-13 2016-04-05 Volcano Corporation System and method for OCT depth calibration
US9307926B2 (en) 2012-10-05 2016-04-12 Volcano Corporation Automatic stent detection
US9324141B2 (en) 2012-10-05 2016-04-26 Volcano Corporation Removal of A-scan streaking artifact
US9360630B2 (en) 2011-08-31 2016-06-07 Volcano Corporation Optical-electrical rotary joint and methods of use
US9367965B2 (en) 2012-10-05 2016-06-14 Volcano Corporation Systems and methods for generating images of tissue
US9383263B2 (en) 2012-12-21 2016-07-05 Volcano Corporation Systems and methods for narrowing a wavelength emission of light
US9478940B2 (en) 2012-10-05 2016-10-25 Volcano Corporation Systems and methods for amplifying light
US9486143B2 (en) 2012-12-21 2016-11-08 Volcano Corporation Intravascular forward imaging device
WO2017006232A1 (en) 2015-07-03 2017-01-12 Renewable Energy Dynamics Technology Ltd (Dublin, Ireland) Redox flow battery system
US9596993B2 (en) 2007-07-12 2017-03-21 Volcano Corporation Automatic calibration systems and methods of use
US9612105B2 (en) 2012-12-21 2017-04-04 Volcano Corporation Polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography system
US9622706B2 (en) 2007-07-12 2017-04-18 Volcano Corporation Catheter for in vivo imaging
US9709379B2 (en) 2012-12-20 2017-07-18 Volcano Corporation Optical coherence tomography system that is reconfigurable between different imaging modes
US9730613B2 (en) 2012-12-20 2017-08-15 Volcano Corporation Locating intravascular images
US9770172B2 (en) 2013-03-07 2017-09-26 Volcano Corporation Multimodal segmentation in intravascular images
US9858668B2 (en) 2012-10-05 2018-01-02 Volcano Corporation Guidewire artifact removal in images
US9867530B2 (en) 2006-08-14 2018-01-16 Volcano Corporation Telescopic side port catheter device with imaging system and method for accessing side branch occlusions
WO2018047079A1 (en) 2016-09-06 2018-03-15 Redt Ltd (Dublin, Ireland) Balancing of electrolytes in redox flow batteries
US10058284B2 (en) 2012-12-21 2018-08-28 Volcano Corporation Simultaneous imaging, monitoring, and therapy
US10070827B2 (en) 2012-10-05 2018-09-11 Volcano Corporation Automatic image playback
US10166003B2 (en) 2012-12-21 2019-01-01 Volcano Corporation Ultrasound imaging with variable line density
US10191220B2 (en) 2012-12-21 2019-01-29 Volcano Corporation Power-efficient optical circuit
US10219780B2 (en) 2007-07-12 2019-03-05 Volcano Corporation OCT-IVUS catheter for concurrent luminal imaging
US10219887B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2019-03-05 Volcano Corporation Filters with echogenic characteristics
US10226597B2 (en) 2013-03-07 2019-03-12 Volcano Corporation Guidewire with centering mechanism
US10238367B2 (en) 2012-12-13 2019-03-26 Volcano Corporation Devices, systems, and methods for targeted cannulation
US10292677B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2019-05-21 Volcano Corporation Endoluminal filter having enhanced echogenic properties
US10332228B2 (en) 2012-12-21 2019-06-25 Volcano Corporation System and method for graphical processing of medical data
US10413317B2 (en) 2012-12-21 2019-09-17 Volcano Corporation System and method for catheter steering and operation
US10420530B2 (en) 2012-12-21 2019-09-24 Volcano Corporation System and method for multipath processing of image signals
US10426590B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2019-10-01 Volcano Corporation Filters with echogenic characteristics
US10568586B2 (en) 2012-10-05 2020-02-25 Volcano Corporation Systems for indicating parameters in an imaging data set and methods of use
US10595820B2 (en) 2012-12-20 2020-03-24 Philips Image Guided Therapy Corporation Smooth transition catheters
US10638939B2 (en) 2013-03-12 2020-05-05 Philips Image Guided Therapy Corporation Systems and methods for diagnosing coronary microvascular disease
US10724082B2 (en) 2012-10-22 2020-07-28 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Methods for analyzing DNA
US10758207B2 (en) 2013-03-13 2020-09-01 Philips Image Guided Therapy Corporation Systems and methods for producing an image from a rotational intravascular ultrasound device
US10939826B2 (en) 2012-12-20 2021-03-09 Philips Image Guided Therapy Corporation Aspirating and removing biological material
US10942022B2 (en) 2012-12-20 2021-03-09 Philips Image Guided Therapy Corporation Manual calibration of imaging system
US10993694B2 (en) 2012-12-21 2021-05-04 Philips Image Guided Therapy Corporation Rotational ultrasound imaging catheter with extended catheter body telescope
US11026591B2 (en) 2013-03-13 2021-06-08 Philips Image Guided Therapy Corporation Intravascular pressure sensor calibration
US11040140B2 (en) 2010-12-31 2021-06-22 Philips Image Guided Therapy Corporation Deep vein thrombosis therapeutic methods
US11141063B2 (en) 2010-12-23 2021-10-12 Philips Image Guided Therapy Corporation Integrated system architectures and methods of use
US11154313B2 (en) 2013-03-12 2021-10-26 The Volcano Corporation Vibrating guidewire torquer and methods of use
US11272845B2 (en) 2012-10-05 2022-03-15 Philips Image Guided Therapy Corporation System and method for instant and automatic border detection
US11406498B2 (en) 2012-12-20 2022-08-09 Philips Image Guided Therapy Corporation Implant delivery system and implants

Families Citing this family (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9598782B2 (en) * 2008-04-11 2017-03-21 Christopher M. McWhinney Membrane module
US8785023B2 (en) 2008-07-07 2014-07-22 Enervault Corparation Cascade redox flow battery systems
US7820321B2 (en) 2008-07-07 2010-10-26 Enervault Corporation Redox flow battery system for distributed energy storage
CN101667646B (en) * 2008-09-03 2011-11-09 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 Electrode frame structure for redox flow cell
EP3257819B1 (en) * 2010-08-06 2019-10-02 De Nora Holdings US, Inc. Electrolytic on-site generator
CN102034993A (en) * 2010-11-19 2011-04-27 清华大学深圳研究生院 Frame for liquid flow battery electrode
US8916281B2 (en) 2011-03-29 2014-12-23 Enervault Corporation Rebalancing electrolytes in redox flow battery systems
US8980484B2 (en) 2011-03-29 2015-03-17 Enervault Corporation Monitoring electrolyte concentrations in redox flow battery systems
EP2765640A4 (en) 2011-10-04 2015-06-24 Sumitomo Electric Industries Cell frame, cell stack and redox flow battery
WO2014038764A1 (en) * 2012-09-10 2014-03-13 한국에너지기술연구원 Integrated complex electrode cell having inner seal structure and redox flow cell comprising same
KR101291752B1 (en) 2012-09-11 2013-07-31 한국에너지기술연구원 Combined complex electrode cell with inner seal and redox flow battery comprising thereof
CN102943281A (en) * 2012-11-19 2013-02-27 扬州中电制氢设备有限公司 Main pole frame
KR101488092B1 (en) 2013-07-12 2015-01-29 오씨아이 주식회사 Redox flow battery cell
CN103594721B (en) * 2013-11-28 2015-04-29 湖南省银峰新能源有限公司 Flow cell flow frame and formed electric pile
CN103647090B (en) * 2013-12-06 2016-03-02 中国东方电气集团有限公司 Flow frame component and flow battery
KR101377187B1 (en) * 2014-01-02 2014-03-25 스탠다드에너지(주) Fuel cell or redox flow battery with means for recovering reaction substances
CN103811779A (en) * 2014-03-13 2014-05-21 大连融科储能技术发展有限公司 Electrode frame for flow cell, galvanic pile as well as cell system
US10230123B2 (en) 2014-11-06 2019-03-12 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Battery cell and redox flow battery
CN107112566B (en) * 2014-11-06 2020-03-24 住友电气工业株式会社 Battery cell and redox flow battery
US10790530B2 (en) 2014-11-06 2020-09-29 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Cell frame and redox flow battery
KR101830079B1 (en) * 2015-04-17 2018-02-20 한국에너지기술연구원 Flow type energy storage device and reaction cell for the device
KR101560202B1 (en) * 2015-04-30 2015-10-14 스탠다드에너지(주) Redox flow battery
JP2017022001A (en) * 2015-07-10 2017-01-26 住友電気工業株式会社 Cell stack and redox flow cell
CN105047978A (en) * 2015-09-07 2015-11-11 上海久能能源科技发展有限公司 Plate cavity type flow battery
WO2018066093A1 (en) * 2016-10-05 2018-04-12 住友電気工業株式会社 Cell stack and redox flow battery
CN109286052B (en) * 2017-07-20 2020-06-19 北京好风光储能技术有限公司 Multi-channel communication type lithium flow battery reactor
CN108400366B (en) * 2018-03-09 2024-02-20 上海电气(安徽)储能科技有限公司 Sealing structure and flow battery comprising same
CN112787012B (en) * 2019-11-11 2022-05-27 北京好风光储能技术有限公司 Battery rack, operation method thereof and energy storage power station provided with battery rack
CN111477911B (en) * 2020-04-26 2021-08-17 浙江锋源氢能科技有限公司 Fuel cell and fuel cell stack

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4339324A (en) * 1980-12-03 1982-07-13 Henes Products Corp. Polycell gas generator
EP0545548A1 (en) * 1991-12-02 1993-06-09 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Process for production of a component part of a filter-press type structure
JP2002237323A (en) * 2001-02-09 2002-08-23 Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd Cell frame and redox flow battery
US6555267B1 (en) * 1999-07-01 2003-04-29 Squirrel Holding Ltd. Membrane-separated, bipolar multicell electrochemical reactor

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4339324A (en) * 1980-12-03 1982-07-13 Henes Products Corp. Polycell gas generator
EP0545548A1 (en) * 1991-12-02 1993-06-09 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Process for production of a component part of a filter-press type structure
US6555267B1 (en) * 1999-07-01 2003-04-29 Squirrel Holding Ltd. Membrane-separated, bipolar multicell electrochemical reactor
JP2002237323A (en) * 2001-02-09 2002-08-23 Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd Cell frame and redox flow battery

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 2002, no. 12 12 December 2002 (2002-12-12) *

Cited By (60)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9867530B2 (en) 2006-08-14 2018-01-16 Volcano Corporation Telescopic side port catheter device with imaging system and method for accessing side branch occlusions
US11350906B2 (en) 2007-07-12 2022-06-07 Philips Image Guided Therapy Corporation OCT-IVUS catheter for concurrent luminal imaging
US10219780B2 (en) 2007-07-12 2019-03-05 Volcano Corporation OCT-IVUS catheter for concurrent luminal imaging
US9622706B2 (en) 2007-07-12 2017-04-18 Volcano Corporation Catheter for in vivo imaging
US9596993B2 (en) 2007-07-12 2017-03-21 Volcano Corporation Automatic calibration systems and methods of use
WO2011114094A1 (en) * 2010-03-19 2011-09-22 Renewable Energy Dynamics Technology Ltd Electrochemical cell stack
US11141063B2 (en) 2010-12-23 2021-10-12 Philips Image Guided Therapy Corporation Integrated system architectures and methods of use
US11040140B2 (en) 2010-12-31 2021-06-22 Philips Image Guided Therapy Corporation Deep vein thrombosis therapeutic methods
US9360630B2 (en) 2011-08-31 2016-06-07 Volcano Corporation Optical-electrical rotary joint and methods of use
EP2648257A1 (en) 2012-04-03 2013-10-09 Bozankaya BC&C Flow battery, electrochemical energy converter for a flow battery, a cell frame and bipolar plate and collector plate
DE102012006642A1 (en) * 2012-04-03 2013-10-10 Bozankaya BC&C Flow battery, electrochemical energy converter for a flow battery, cell frame and bipolar plate and collector plate
US9478940B2 (en) 2012-10-05 2016-10-25 Volcano Corporation Systems and methods for amplifying light
US9858668B2 (en) 2012-10-05 2018-01-02 Volcano Corporation Guidewire artifact removal in images
US11864870B2 (en) 2012-10-05 2024-01-09 Philips Image Guided Therapy Corporation System and method for instant and automatic border detection
US9307926B2 (en) 2012-10-05 2016-04-12 Volcano Corporation Automatic stent detection
US9292918B2 (en) 2012-10-05 2016-03-22 Volcano Corporation Methods and systems for transforming luminal images
US9286673B2 (en) 2012-10-05 2016-03-15 Volcano Corporation Systems for correcting distortions in a medical image and methods of use thereof
US11272845B2 (en) 2012-10-05 2022-03-15 Philips Image Guided Therapy Corporation System and method for instant and automatic border detection
US11890117B2 (en) 2012-10-05 2024-02-06 Philips Image Guided Therapy Corporation Systems for indicating parameters in an imaging data set and methods of use
US9324141B2 (en) 2012-10-05 2016-04-26 Volcano Corporation Removal of A-scan streaking artifact
US10070827B2 (en) 2012-10-05 2018-09-11 Volcano Corporation Automatic image playback
US9367965B2 (en) 2012-10-05 2016-06-14 Volcano Corporation Systems and methods for generating images of tissue
US11510632B2 (en) 2012-10-05 2022-11-29 Philips Image Guided Therapy Corporation Systems for indicating parameters in an imaging data set and methods of use
US10568586B2 (en) 2012-10-05 2020-02-25 Volcano Corporation Systems for indicating parameters in an imaging data set and methods of use
US10724082B2 (en) 2012-10-22 2020-07-28 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Methods for analyzing DNA
US10238367B2 (en) 2012-12-13 2019-03-26 Volcano Corporation Devices, systems, and methods for targeted cannulation
US11892289B2 (en) 2012-12-20 2024-02-06 Philips Image Guided Therapy Corporation Manual calibration of imaging system
US11141131B2 (en) 2012-12-20 2021-10-12 Philips Image Guided Therapy Corporation Smooth transition catheters
US9730613B2 (en) 2012-12-20 2017-08-15 Volcano Corporation Locating intravascular images
US9709379B2 (en) 2012-12-20 2017-07-18 Volcano Corporation Optical coherence tomography system that is reconfigurable between different imaging modes
US10942022B2 (en) 2012-12-20 2021-03-09 Philips Image Guided Therapy Corporation Manual calibration of imaging system
US11406498B2 (en) 2012-12-20 2022-08-09 Philips Image Guided Therapy Corporation Implant delivery system and implants
US10939826B2 (en) 2012-12-20 2021-03-09 Philips Image Guided Therapy Corporation Aspirating and removing biological material
US10595820B2 (en) 2012-12-20 2020-03-24 Philips Image Guided Therapy Corporation Smooth transition catheters
US10993694B2 (en) 2012-12-21 2021-05-04 Philips Image Guided Therapy Corporation Rotational ultrasound imaging catheter with extended catheter body telescope
US10413317B2 (en) 2012-12-21 2019-09-17 Volcano Corporation System and method for catheter steering and operation
US10420530B2 (en) 2012-12-21 2019-09-24 Volcano Corporation System and method for multipath processing of image signals
US10058284B2 (en) 2012-12-21 2018-08-28 Volcano Corporation Simultaneous imaging, monitoring, and therapy
US10332228B2 (en) 2012-12-21 2019-06-25 Volcano Corporation System and method for graphical processing of medical data
US9612105B2 (en) 2012-12-21 2017-04-04 Volcano Corporation Polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography system
US11786213B2 (en) 2012-12-21 2023-10-17 Philips Image Guided Therapy Corporation System and method for multipath processing of image signals
US11253225B2 (en) 2012-12-21 2022-02-22 Philips Image Guided Therapy Corporation System and method for multipath processing of image signals
US9383263B2 (en) 2012-12-21 2016-07-05 Volcano Corporation Systems and methods for narrowing a wavelength emission of light
US9486143B2 (en) 2012-12-21 2016-11-08 Volcano Corporation Intravascular forward imaging device
US10191220B2 (en) 2012-12-21 2019-01-29 Volcano Corporation Power-efficient optical circuit
US10166003B2 (en) 2012-12-21 2019-01-01 Volcano Corporation Ultrasound imaging with variable line density
AT513834B1 (en) * 2013-03-01 2014-08-15 Cellstrom Gmbh Elastomer end frame of a redox flow battery
AT513834A4 (en) * 2013-03-01 2014-08-15 Cellstrom Gmbh Elastomer end frame of a redox flow battery
US10226597B2 (en) 2013-03-07 2019-03-12 Volcano Corporation Guidewire with centering mechanism
US9770172B2 (en) 2013-03-07 2017-09-26 Volcano Corporation Multimodal segmentation in intravascular images
US11154313B2 (en) 2013-03-12 2021-10-26 The Volcano Corporation Vibrating guidewire torquer and methods of use
US10638939B2 (en) 2013-03-12 2020-05-05 Philips Image Guided Therapy Corporation Systems and methods for diagnosing coronary microvascular disease
US11026591B2 (en) 2013-03-13 2021-06-08 Philips Image Guided Therapy Corporation Intravascular pressure sensor calibration
US10758207B2 (en) 2013-03-13 2020-09-01 Philips Image Guided Therapy Corporation Systems and methods for producing an image from a rotational intravascular ultrasound device
US9301687B2 (en) 2013-03-13 2016-04-05 Volcano Corporation System and method for OCT depth calibration
US10219887B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2019-03-05 Volcano Corporation Filters with echogenic characteristics
US10292677B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2019-05-21 Volcano Corporation Endoluminal filter having enhanced echogenic properties
US10426590B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2019-10-01 Volcano Corporation Filters with echogenic characteristics
WO2017006232A1 (en) 2015-07-03 2017-01-12 Renewable Energy Dynamics Technology Ltd (Dublin, Ireland) Redox flow battery system
WO2018047079A1 (en) 2016-09-06 2018-03-15 Redt Ltd (Dublin, Ireland) Balancing of electrolytes in redox flow batteries

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN101160679A (en) 2008-04-09
CA2604784A1 (en) 2006-10-26
US8182940B2 (en) 2012-05-22
DE602006013305D1 (en) 2010-05-12
GB0719603D0 (en) 2007-11-14
ZA200708771B (en) 2010-11-24
GB0507756D0 (en) 2005-05-25
ES2343817T3 (en) 2010-08-10
GB2438575A (en) 2007-11-28
GB2438575B (en) 2009-04-08
US20100086829A1 (en) 2010-04-08
ATE463055T1 (en) 2010-04-15
JP2008537290A (en) 2008-09-11
EP1886368B1 (en) 2010-03-31
AU2006238731A1 (en) 2006-10-26
DK1886368T3 (en) 2010-07-19
AU2006238731B2 (en) 2010-08-05
CA2604784C (en) 2013-03-19
EP1886368A1 (en) 2008-02-13

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CA2604784C (en) Electrochemical cell stack
EP2548256B1 (en) Electrochemical cell stack
US20130157097A1 (en) Compact frameless bipolar stack for a multicell electrochemical reactor with planar bipolar electrical interconnects and internal ducting of circulation of electrolyte solutions through all respective cell compartments
US6638658B1 (en) Fuel cell separator plate providing interconnection of reactant gas flowpaths in undulate layer fuel cell stacks
MXPA04004279A (en) Fuel cell fluid flow field plates.
WO2003026049A2 (en) Modular fuel cell cartridge and stack
WO2012032368A1 (en) Multi-tier redox flow cell stack of monopolar cells with juxtaposed sideway extended bipolar intercell interconnects on every tier of the stack
US5736017A (en) Solid high polymer electrolytic module and method of manufacturing the same
US8221930B2 (en) Bipolar separators with improved fluid distribution
US3530005A (en) Compact electrochemical cell
EP2054965B1 (en) Bipolar separators with improved fluid distribution
WO2015029353A1 (en) Fuel cell unit
JP6068218B2 (en) Operation method of fuel cell
JPH05326010A (en) Stacked type solid polymer electrolytic fuel cell
WO2022093117A1 (en) Flow frame for redox flow battery and redox flow battery
JP2024004030A (en) redox flow battery
JPS6237507B2 (en)
JP2009117138A (en) Fuel cell stack

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2006726659

Country of ref document: EP

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 0719603

Country of ref document: GB

Kind code of ref document: A

Free format text: PCT FILING DATE = 20060405

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 0719603.3

Country of ref document: GB

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2008505946

Country of ref document: JP

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2604784

Country of ref document: CA

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 200680012677.0

Country of ref document: CN

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2006238731

Country of ref document: AU

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2006238731

Country of ref document: AU

Date of ref document: 20060405

Kind code of ref document: A

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 2006238731

Country of ref document: AU

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: RU

WWW Wipo information: withdrawn in national office

Country of ref document: RU

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 2006726659

Country of ref document: EP

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 12226328

Country of ref document: US